Evaluation of a Seven-Week Web-Based Happiness Training to Improve Psychological Well-Being, Reduce Stress, and Enhance Mindfulness and Flourishing: A Randomized Controlled Occupational Health Study

Table 5

Results of saliva samples.

Saliva; 𝑁=37	𝑡0		𝑡1		Between-group 𝑡1			Within-group (IG) 𝑡0-𝑡1
	M	SD	M	SD	Mann-Whitney; 𝑈	𝑃	𝑑	Wilcoxon; 𝑍	𝑃	𝑑
Alpha-Amylase (U/mL)
Awakening response
IG; CG	7.18; 4.97	28.04; 21.58	−12.41; 17.77	55.37; 47.22	112	0.073	0.60	−1.11	0.267	0.46
Morning activity
IG; CG	35.67; 33.35	22.79; 19.56	59.95; 78.74	36.03; 117.96	161	0.761	0.22	−3.11	0.002*	0.83
Evening activity
IG; CG	109.87; 121.62	90.46; 82.88	114.45; 126.89	92.94; 74.24	145	0.429	0.15	−0.63	0.528	0.05
Circadian rhythm amplitude
IG; CG	−74.30; −88.27	81.15; 83.36	−54.49; −48.16	79.48; 109.03	160	0.738	0.07	−1.20	0.231	0.25
Raw data
Directly after awakening
IG; CG	32.08; 30.86	20.55; 20.12	66.16; 69.85	47.41; 107.72
30 minutes after awakening
IG; CG	39.27; 35.83	31.78; 24.36	53.75; 87.62	43.38; 131.68
At 8 pm
IG; CG	109.87; 121.62	90.46; 82.88	114.45; 126.89	9294; 74.24
Cortisol (nmol/L)
Awakening response
IG; CG	7.48; 4.32	10.68; 11.23	6.82; 4.47	11.59; 13.27	126	0.171	0.19	−0.24	0.811	0.06
Morning activity
IG; CG	31.47; 30.95	9.65; 15.60	29.37; 31.05	10.01; 11.19	157.5	0.682	0.16	−0.85	0.396	0.22
Evening activity
IG; CG	2.67; 3.51	1.84; 3.82	5.95; 4.56	13.11; 7.59	147	0.466	0.13	−0.00	1.000	0.36
Circadian rhythm amplitude
IG; CG	28.79; 27.43	9.60; 15.77	23.42; 26.49	16.43; 13.30	155	0.627	0.21	−1.11	0.267	0.41
Raw data
Directly after awakening
IG; CG	27.73; 28.79	7.79; 16.54	25.96; 28.82	11.68; 13.19
30 minutes after awakening
IG; CG	35.21; 33.11	13.52; 16.62	32.78; 33.29	11.45; 12.83
At 8 pm
IG; CG	2.67; 3.51	1.84; 3.82	5.95; 4.56	13.11; 7.59

^∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗𝑃<0.001.