Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Exploration of Macro-Micro Biomarkers for Dampness-Heat Syndrome Differentiation in Different Diseases

Table 1

Significantly different symptoms and clinical indicators identified in the three syndromes compared to a healthy control group.


Indicators and symptoms	Group	VIP^a	(M-W)^b	FN^c

Alkaline phosphatase	DHHB	1.69	0.00	+2.03
Apolipoprotein A-1	DHHB	1.74	0.00	+1.91
Aspartate aminotransferase	DHHB	1.62	0.00	+2.77
Glutamyltransferase	DHHB	1.65	0.00	+2.06
Immunoglobulin G	DHHB	2.01	0.00	+2.06
Prealbumin	DHHB	2.8	0.00	−2.56
-globin	DHHB	2.52	0.00	+2.67
Thick fur	DHHB	1.81	0.00	+1.73
Bitter taste	DHHB	1.79	0.00	+1.89
Slimy and curdy fur	DHHB	1.75	0.00	−1.73
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	DHHB	1.84	0.00	+2.15
Tongue color	DHHB	2.15	0.00	+1.96
Basophil	DHHB	2.07	0.00	+2.56
Fur color	DHHB	2.68	0.00	+2.58
String-like pulse	DHHB	1.81	0.00	+1.73
Alanine aminotransferase	DHFL	2.08	0.00	+2.16
Aspartate aminotransferase	DHFL	1.78	0.00	+1.82
Total cholesterol	DHFL	2.10	0.00	+1.87
Triglyceride	DHFL	2.44	0.00	+2.60
β-globin	DHFL	2.54	0.00	+2.31
Thick fur	DHFL	1.92	0.00	+1.64
Lack of strength	DHFL	2.11	0.00	+1.64
Dysphoria	DHFL	1.98	0.00	+1.67
Slimy and curdy fur	DHFL	2.58	0.00	−2.03
Uric acid	DHFL	2.45	0.00	+2.31
Glucose	DHFL	1.95	0.00	+1.92
Tongue color	DHFL	2.03	0.00	+1.68
Systolic pressure	DHFL	1.89	0.00	+2.02
Diastolic pressure	DHFL	2.29	0.00	+2.37
Fur color	DHFL	3.08	0.00	+2.58
Weight	DHFL	2.79	0.00	+2.44
String-like pulse	DHFL	1.92	0.00	+1.64
Alkaline phosphatase	NDHHB	1.61	0.00	+1.87
Apolipoprotein A-1	NDHHB	2.07	0.00	+2.39
Activated partial thromboplastin time	NDHHB	1.60	0.00	+1.68
Hepatitis B core antibody	NDHHB	2.85	0.00	+2.90
Hepatitis B core antibody-immunoglobulin M	NDHHB	1.76	0.00	+2.90
Hepatitis B surface antigen	NDHHB	3.04	0.00	+2.90
Immunoglobulin G	NDHHB	1.60	0.00	+1.97
Prealbumin	NDHHB	2.38	0.00	−2.28
Triglyceride	NDHHB	1.77	0.00	+1.85
Total protein	NDHHB	1.85	0.00	+2.01
β-globin	NDHHB	2.54	0.00	+2.79
Teeth-marked tongue	NDHHB	2.11	0.00	+1.92
Gallbladder	NDHHB	2.04	0.00	+1.92
Relaxed pulse	NDHHB	1.69	0.00	+1.56
Lack of strength	NDHHB	1.93	0.00	+1.73
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	NDHHB	1.79	0.00	+2.11
Pre-S1 antibodies	NDHHB	3.14	0.00	+2.90
Pre-S1 antigen	NDHHB	3.14	0.00	+2.90
Luxuriant or withered tongue	NDHHB	1.73	0.00	+1.73
Soggy pulse	NDHHB	1.93	0.00	+1.73
Basophil	NDHHB	2.34	0.00	+2.41
Diastolic pressure	NDHHB	1.56	0.00	+1.72
Mean platelet volume	NDHHB	2.30	0.00	+2.58

VIP: variable importance in the project.
^b(M-W) value was obtained from Mann-Whitney test (syndromes compared to healthy control).
^cFN is fold change of mean ranks calculated by the Mann-Whitney test (syndromes compared to healthy control). “+” means upregulated and “−” means downregulated.