Activity-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Constituents with Antinociceptive Activity from Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Using the Formalin Test

Table 2

The antinociceptive profile of orally administered M.  calabura extract and partitions assessed using the formalin test in rats.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Early phase	Percentage of analgesia (%)	Second phase	Percentage of analgesia (%)
dH2O	—	70.7±4.6	—	138.2±3.2	—
10% DMSO	—	83.2±2.7	—	149.0±2.7	—
Morphine	5	15.2±1.8^a	78.6	7.2±0.9^u	95.2
Aspirin	100	49.8±2.7^b	29.5	17.7±2.7^v	88.2
MEMC	100	38.3±3.9^c	50.3	67.5±5.7^w	46.9
	500	27.3±2.3^d	64.6	45.7±1.6^x	64.1
	1000	20.0±1.8^e	74.1	25.7±2.6^v	79.8
PEP	100	63.5±1.6^f	22.4	85±1.5^y	41.9
	500	47.7±5.9^c	41.8	39.0±5.4^x	73.3
	1000	20.8±0.5^e	74.5	16.0±1.4^v	89.1
EAP	100	69.0±1.9^c	15.7	100.2±1.3^z	31.5
	500	59.2±6.1^c	27.7	75.3±7.6^y	48.4
	1000	25.8±1.4^d	68.4	35.2±1.3^x	76.0
AQP	100	71.7±1.3	2.9	129.5±2.3	6.3
	500	70.3±3.1	4.7	105.5±3.8^z	23.6
	1000	68.7±1.2	6.9	101.0±1.6^z	26.9

a,bData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the dH₂O-treated group in the first phase.
^c,d,e,fData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the DMSO-treated group in the first phase.
^u,v,zData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the dH₂O-treated group in the second phase.
^w,x,y,zData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the DMSO-treated group in the second phase.
Values are mean ± S.E.M of 6 animals.