Activity-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Constituents with Antinociceptive Activity from Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Using the Formalin Test

Table 3

The antinociceptive profile of seven fractions isolated from PEP that are derived from MEMC administered orally and assessed using the formalin test in rats.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	First phase (s)	Percentage of inhibition (%)	Second phase (s)	Percentage of inhibition (%)
10% DMSO		83.2±2.7	—	149.0±2.7	—
A	300	79.7±1.6	2.6	145.7±2.2	0.5
B	300	74.8±1.9	8.6	137.8±2.0^∗	5.8
C	300	57.2±2.1^∗	30.1	86.2±1.9^∗∗∗	41.1
D	300	27.7±2.4^∗∗∗	66.2	27.2±1.8^∗∗∗	81.4
E	300	42.2±3.4^∗∗	48.5	77.8±1.5^∗∗∗	46.8
F	300	81.8±3.3	0.0	86.7±1.8^∗∗∗	40.8
G	300	74.3±1.4	9.2	143.8±2.4	1.7

∗,∗∗,∗∗∗Data with different superscript differed significantly at 𝑃<0.05, 𝑃<0.01, or 𝑃<0.001, respectively, when compared to the DMSO-treated group within the respective phase of the formalin test.
Values are mean ± S.E.M of 6 animals.