Renal Protective Role of Xiexin Decoction with Multiple Active Ingredients Involves Inhibition of Inflammation through Downregulation of the Nuclear Factor-𝜅B Pathway in Diabetic Rats

Figure 5

Effect of Xiexin decoction on renal nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway in diabetic rats. (a)–(e) Western blot analysis of protein levels. (g) Real-time PCR analysis of mRNA levels. NC: normal control; DM: diabetic model control; XXDL: XXD extract 1.25 g/kg; XXDH: XXD extract 2.5 g/kg; Losartan 10 mg/kg and metformin 100 mg/kg. NC and DM were treated with normal saline. All the rats were administered via intragastric gavage one time each day for 12 weeks. IKKα: inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase subunit α; IκBα, inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB subunit α; p-IκBα: phospho-IκBα; NF-κBp65: nuclear factor-κBp65; p-NF- κBp65: phospho-NF- κBp65. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 as compared with DM.