Renal Protective Role of Xiexin Decoction with Multiple Active Ingredients Involves Inhibition of Inflammation through Downregulation of the Nuclear Factor-𝜅B Pathway in Diabetic Rats

Figure 7

Proposed molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective role of Xiexin decoction in diabetic nephropathy rats. AGEs: advanced glycation end-products; RAGE: receptor for AGEs; IKK: inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase; IκB: inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; P: phosphorylation; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor β1. ⊢: inhibition.