(ii) Quercetin and oseltamivir exhibited antivirus effect on the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway when dendritic cells and macrophages were infected with H1N1.
Kaempferol inhibited influenza A nucleoprotein production in human lung epithelial (A549) cells infected with the H5N1 virus strain A/Thailand/Kan-1/04 in non-toxic concentrations.