Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effect of Yogic Slow Breathing in the Yoga Beginner: What Is the Best Approach?
Table 3
Effects respiratory patterns on cardiorespiratory variables.
Variable
Spontaneous
15/min
6/min (3 s inspiration + 7 s expiration)
6/min (5 s inspiration + 5 s expiration)
No ujjayi
No ujjayi
No ujjayi
Ujjayi exp
No ujjayi
Ujjayi exp
Ujjayi ins + exp
RR interval (ms)
830 ± 32
769 ± 26
802 ± 25
789 ± 24
832 ± 26
809 ± 25
797 ± 20
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
121.84 ± 5.67
113.96 ± 5.67
117.91 ± 5.21
120.06 ± 4.58
111.34 ± 4.91
118.46 ± 4.77
116.25 ± 4.97
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
54.78 ± 3.69
51.93 ± 2.88
53.99 ± 3.14
55.77 ± 3.01
55.14 ± 3.23
54.55 ± 3.29
54.28 ± 2.91
Oxygen saturation (%)
98.37 ± 0.17
99.19 ± 0.17
98.90 ± 0.18
98.91 ± 0.14
98.90 ± 0.19
98.95 ± 0.17
98.88 ± 0.18
End-tidal carbon dioxide (mmHg)
36.26 ± 1.27
26.11 ± 0.98
31.14 ± 1.13
30.23 ± 0.97
30.24 ± 0.68
29.76 ± 1.22
29.69 ± 0.90
(normalized to spontaneous breathing)
100.00 ± 0.00
152.82 ± 14.33
318.40 ± 28.48
368.48 ± 38.32
249.12 ± 24.39
318.88 ± 34.01
293.91 ± 30.56
(normalized to spontaneous breathing)
100.00 ± 0.00
190.88 ± 17.02
158.81 ± 11.82
183.35 ± 15.33
125.12 ± 9.96
160.69 ± 14.88
149.77 ± 14.71
P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, versus spontaneous breathing.
#P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0.001, versus no ujjayi. P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.001, versus 6/min (3 s inspiration + 7 s expiration).
