Copyright © 2013 Sik-Won Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. H. S. Lee, M. K. Kim, Y. K. Kim et al., “Stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells by antler and fermented antler using Cordyceps militaris,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 710–717, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
2. P. Pothacharoen, K. Kodchakorn, and P. Kongtawelert, “Characterization of chondroitin sulfate from deer tip antler and osteogenic properties,” Glycoconjugate Journal, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 473–480, 2011.
3. H. Y. Meng, X. B. Qu, N. Li, S. Yuan, and Z. Lin, “Effects of pilose antler and antler glue on osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats,” Zhong Yao Cai, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 179–182, 2009. View at Scopus
4. Y. Li, Y. Zhao, X. Sun, and X. Qu, “Prevention and therapeutic effects of sika deer velvet collagen hydrolysate on osteoporosis in rats by retinoic acid,” Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 759–762, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
5. J. H. Yang, Y. Cao, R. L. Wang et al., “Anti-resorptive effect of pilose antler blood (cervus nippon temminck) in ovariectomized rats,” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 554–558, 2010. View at Scopus
6. H. A. Hong, H. Duc, and S. M. Cutting, “The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics,” FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 813–835, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. S. Rozen and H. Skaletsky, “Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers,” Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 132, pp. 365–386, 2000. View at Scopus
8. K. J. Livak and T. D. Schmittgen, “Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the $2^{-\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Delta }\text{CT}}$ method,” Methods, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 402–408, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. S. W. Choi, J. T. Yeon, K. I. Park et al., “VapB as a regulator of osteoclastogenesis via modulation of PLCγ2-Ca²⁺-NFAT signaling,” FEBS Letters, vol. 586, no. 3, pp. 263–269, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
10. H. Takayanagi, “Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems,” Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 292–304, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. T. Koga, M. Inui, K. Inoue et al., “Costimulatory signals mediated by the ITAM motif cooperate with RANKL for bone homeostasis,” Nature, vol. 428, no. 6984, pp. 758–763, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. C. Dannemann, K. W. Grätz, M. O. Riener, and R. A. Zwahlen, “Jaw osteonecrosis related to bisphosphonate therapy. A severe secondary disorder,” Bone, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 828–834, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. R. P. H. Meier, T. V. Perneger, R. Stern, R. Rizzoli, and R. E. Peter, “Increasing occurrence of atypical femoral fractures associated with bisphosphonate use,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 172, no. 12, pp. 930–936, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
14. N. Morabito, A. Crisafulli, C. Vergara et al., “Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study,” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 17, pp. 1904–1912, 2002.
15. C. M. Rassi, M. Lieberherr, G. Chaumaz, A. Pointillart, and G. Cournot, “Down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation by daidzein via caspase 3,” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 630–638, 2002. View at Scopus
16. Y. J. Li, T. H. Kim, H. B. Kwak, Z. H. Lee, S. Y. Lee, and G. J. Jhon, “Chloroform extract of deer antler inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 191–198, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. Z. Q. Wang, C. Ovitt, A. E. Grigoriadis, U. Mohle-Steinlein, U. Ruther, and E. F. Wagner, “Bone and haematopoietic defects in mice lacking c-fos,” Nature, vol. 360, no. 6406, pp. 741–745, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. N. Ishida, K. Hayashi, M. Hoshijima et al., “Large scale gene expression analysis of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and elucidation of NFAT2 as a key regulator,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 277, no. 43, pp. 41147–41156, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. H. Takayanagi, S. Kim, T. Koga et al., “Induction and activation of the transcription factor NFATc1 (NFAT2) integrate RANKL signaling in terminal differentiation of osteoclasts,” Developmental Cell, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 889–901, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. K. Matsuo, D. L. Galson, C. Zhao et al., “Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) rescues osteoclastogenesis in precursors lacking c-Fos,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 25, pp. 26475–26480, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. M. Asagiri and H. Takayanagi, “The molecular understanding of osteoclast differentiation,” Bone, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 251–264, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. T. Kukita, N. Wada, A. Kukita et al., “RANKL-induced DC-STAMP is essential for osteoclastogenesis,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 200, no. 7, pp. 941–946, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. M. Yagi, T. Miyamoto, Y. Sawatani et al., “DC-STAMP is essential for cell-cell fusion in osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 202, no. 3, pp. 345–351, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. K. Kim, S. H. Lee, J. Kim, Y. Choi, and N. Kim, “NFATc1 induces osteoclast fusion via up-regulation of Atp6v0d2 and the Dendritic Cell-Specific Transmembrane Protein (DC-STAMP),” Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 176–185, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. D. Mao, H. Epple, B. Uthgenannt, D. V. Novack, and R. Faccio, “PLCγ2 regulates osteoclastogenesis via its interaction with ITAM proteins and GAB2,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 116, no. 11, pp. 2869–2879, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. W. Balkan, A. F. Martinez, I. Fernandez, M. A. Rodriguez, M. Pang, and B. R. Troen, “Identification of NFAT binding sites that mediate stimulation of cathepsin K promoter activity by RANK ligand,” Gene, vol. 446, no. 2, pp. 90–98, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. J. Feng, X. Liu, Z. R. Xu, Y. P. Lu, and Y. Y. Liu, “Effect of fermented soybean meal on intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1845–1850, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus