Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects
Table 1
Effects of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese subjects after a VLCD intervention.
Baseline
Week 4
Week 8
Change from baseline to Week 8
P
Weight, Kg
96.1 ± 2.7
90.1 ± 2.6*
87.4 ± 2.5*
−8.7 ± 0.6
<0.0001
BMI, Kg/m2
32.6 ± 0.6
30.6 ± 0.6*
29.7 ± 0.6*
−3.0 ± 0.2
<0.0001
Waist, cm
104.5 ± 1.7
100.7 ± 1.5*
98.6 ± 1.4*
−5.9 ± 1.2
<0.0001
SBP, mmHg
135.2 ± 2.8
124.1 ± 2.0*
121.7 ± 2.0*
−13.1 ± 2.8
<0.0001
DBP, mmHg
82.7 ± 1.7
76.7 ± 1.5*
73.9 ± 1.6*
−8.2 ± 1.6
<0.0001
ALT, U/L
42.9 ± 5.1
31.6 ± 3.5*
22.3 ± 1.6*
−20.6 ± 5.2
0.002
AST, U/L
26.2 ± 1.9
23.0 ± 1.5**
20.3 ± 1.5*
−6.0 ± 1.7
0.001
γ-GT, U/L
55.1 ± 6.5
27.2 ± 2.4*
27.8 ± 3.5*
−30.4 ± 6.3
<0.0001
Serum uric acid, μmol/L
395.1 ± 13.5
382.5 ± 14.2
369.2 ± 17.0**
−26.1 ± 10.0
0.035
UACR, μg/mg
8.7 ± 1.0
7.5 ± 0.9
7.1 ± 0.7
−1.9 ± 0.9
0.059
TC, mmol/L
5.12 ± 0.12
4.60 ± 0.13*
4.79 ± 0.14*
−0.37 ± 0.14
<0.0001
TG, mmol/L
1.98 ± 0.23
1.11 ± 0.10*
1.08 ± 0.09*
−0.98 ± 0.23
<0.0001
HDL, mmol/L
1.15 ± 0.04
1.09 ± 0.03**
1.19 ± 0.04
0.02 ± 0.03
0.01
LDL, mmol/L
3.09 ± 0.12
3.01 ± 0.12
3.13 ± 0.13
0.05 ± 0.10
0.407
NEFA, μmmol/L
729.8 ± 34.9
729.3 ± 43.2
574.7 ± 37.0*
−166.2 ± 47.6
0.001
BHA, mmol/L
0.06 ± 0.01
0.56 ± 0.13*
0.24 ± 0.07*
0.15 ± 0.06
0.004
Data are presented as mean ± standard error (SE). BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: systolic bold pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triacylglycerol; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid; BHA: β-hydroxybutyric acid; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transferase; UACR: urine microalbumin creatinine ratio. P: changes of sequential data within experiments from baseline to week 8. Significant difference observed versus baseline: ; .
