What the Iberian Conquest Bequeathed to Us: The Fruit Trees Introduced in Argentine Subtropic—Their History and Importance in Present Traditional Medicine

Table 3

Summary and comparison of uses of the studied fruit trees. Past uses in Europe and present ones in study area.

Common name	Scientific name	Uses in the past		Present uses in the study area		Validation
		Part of the plant used	Medicinal Use; [15, 16, 43, 47, 52, 69–71, 73]	Part of the plant used	Medicinal use
Cidra	Citrus medica L.	Fruit	To avoid evil spirits, antidote against poisons (emetic), insect repellent, to freshen up breath, remedy against plague, to invigorate stomach and against vomiting and fainting after labour			Antiulcer [90]
		Juice	Effective purgative to remove poison from the body			Fever [47]
		Epicarp	Sedative
			For halitosis, for dysentery, to comfort stomach, diuretic, and mild antidote	Epicarp	For the stomach, stomach ache, for diarrhea, against “empacho,” as tonic, and for the fever	Tonic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anticholinesterase [47, 91]
		Leaf	For the stomach, tonic, stimulant, and expectorant
			Antispasmodic	Leaf	Refreshing (against heath, in humoral medicine)	Fever, anthelmintic [47, 92]
		Shoots	After the labour
			Appetizer, for stomach ache, and anthelmintic
		Flowers	Medicinal
		Seeds	Anthelmintic			Anticancer activity [47]
		Fruit	Antidote against poisons
			Appetizer, to invigorate stomach, and antidote against poison			Antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and spasmolytic [47, 93, 94]
Lima	Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.) Sw.; Citrus × limettioides Tanaka			Leaf	Digestive, for stomach ache, for flatulence, and for gastrointestinal diseases	Antibacterial [47]
		Juice	To clean liver and stomach, to alleviate stomach inflammations, to alleviate fevers, to improve blood, and to cure wounds, throat, and uvula abscess.	Juice	To chew coca (dietary supplement)	Immunomodulatory effect [47]
				Fruit	To low blood pressure
				Leaf	To low blood pressure, sedative, for the heart, and for diabetes
				Flowers	For the heart
				Juice	To low blood pressure, for diabetes, for the liver, sedative, digestive, for influenza, and for colds
				Juice	Refreshing, for liver, stomach ache, against indigestion, for fever, for blood, for cough, expectorant, for influenza, for pneumonia, bronchitis, colds, angina, purgative, as anti-inflammatory in insect bites, aphthas, for hangover, and for lose weight	Antidiarrhoeic, diuretic, intestinal mucosa protector, local haemostatic, vascular stimulant and protector, vitaminic, antioxidant, sedative, and anxiolytic [47, 95]
Limón	Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck	Seed	Against sickness and vomits
			To prevent drunkenness
			To eliminate pimples and blackheads
			Anthelmintic and to eliminate kidney stones and sand
			To relieve thirst and febrifuge
			Antidote against poisons
		Epicarp	To invigorate stomach, appetitive, digestive, to improve breath, to strengthen heart, antidote, to improve hygiene, and to remove phlegm from the palate			Antiseptic, carminative, diuretic, eupeptic, vascular stimulant, protective vitamin, and antimicrobial [47, 96]
		Fruit	To cure the plague and digestive	Fruit		Analgesic, antianemic, antiemetic, antiesclerotic, antipyretic, antiseptic, demulcent, moisturizing, remineraliser, antitoxic, and vulnerary [47]
				Flower	For influenza, sudorific, for colds, and for sore throat
				Leaf	For influenza, for cough, and to low blood pressure
		Juice	To smooth the face and to remove yellow color of jaundice	Juice	Dietary supplement, refreshing, sedative, digestive, and for respiratory diseases	Peel antiperoxidative, antithyroidal, anti- hyperglycemic, cardioprotective, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial [97, 98]
Naranja	Citrus × aurantium L.	Flowers	To invigorate stomach, heart, and stomach tonic and fainting after labour
				Leaf	For flatulence, refreshing (humoral medicine), for hemorrhages, to low blood pressure, for influenza and fever, for cough, sedative, digestive, hepatic, laxative, angina, antiseptic, bone pain, and low back pain
				Fruit	Sudorific and for influenza
				Epicarp and mesocarp	For influenza, cough, and for colds
		Flowers	To strengthen heart and stomach			Antispasmodic, sedative and tranquillizer [47]
Naranja agria, apepu	Citrus × aurantium L.	Epicarp	To comfort stomach	Epicarp and mesocarp	Fever, for influenza, digestive, and for hangover	Appetizer, cholagogue, demulcent, eupeptic, reduces cholesterol, tonic, vascular stimulant, it aids in digestion and relieves flatulence, cardiovascular health, anticancer, sedative, anxiolytic, and antiviral [47, 99, 100]
				Fruit	For influenza and for fever
				Leaf	To low blood pressure, for influenza, digestive and for “empacho,” for “pasmo” and column “pasmo,” bone pain, hemorrhoids, and angina
				Juice	Refreshing, vitamin supplement, for influenza, for respiratory diseases, cough and bronchospasm, for “pasmo,” and angina
		Juice	For liver, cough, and against scurvy	Juice	Refreshing, digestive, and sedative	Antimicrobial [101]
Mandarina	Citrus reticulata Blanco			Sprout	For influenza
				Leaf	Sedative specially for children, fevers, influenza, for cough, emetic, antiseptic, tooth ache, and waist ache
		Leaf	For liver and antidote	Leaf	Against influenza, fever, for cough, and to low high blood pressure	Hypotensive, antistress, against anxiety, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic [102–104]
Pomelo	Citrus × aurantium L.			Juice	Vitamin supplement, refreshing, for cough, catarrh and asthma, influenza, digestive, and to low blood pressure
				Epicarp and mesocarp	For fever
				Fruit	Vitamin supplement and for influenza
		Fruit	Laxante	Fruit	Kidneys and sight	Anti-inflammatory [105]
Durazno	Prunus persica L. Batsch	Leaf	Laxative, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and healing			Laxative [106]
		Flowers	Laxative and to remove freckles	Flowers and seeds	Intestine diseases (diarrhea, flatulence, and intestine inflammation)	Skin diseases [107]
		Seeds	Against hemorrhage
				Shoots	Refreshing and febrifuge