Interaction of Carbamazepine with Herbs, Dietary Supplements, and Food: A Systematic Review

Table 6

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of herbal products/food/dietary supplements with CBZ by direction of interactions.

(a)  

Pharmacokinetic interactions with CBZ
Oral bioavailability/plasma level of CBZ
Increased	Decreased	No effect
Piperine; Mentat; Polygonum cuspidatum; Butter; Grapefruit juice; Platycodonis Radix; Pomegranate juice; Star fruit juice; Kinnow juice; Alcohol*; Coca-cola; Nicotinamide	Septilin; Ginkgo biloba; Hu-gan-ning pian; Ispaghula husk; Cassia auriculata Linn.; Hu-gan-ning pian; Xiao-cha-hu-tang; Xiao-yao-san; Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san; Soybean; Caffeine	Hypericum perforatum Linn.; Paeoniae Radix; Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.; Berberine; Xiao-qing-long-tang; Chai-hu-jia-long-gu-mu-li-tang; Acorus calamus Linn.; Honey; Melatonin; Folinic acid

 *In alcoholics, not healthy volunteers; study type: human study (bold), animal study (regular).

(b)  

Pharmacodynamic interactions with CBZ
Antiepileptic efficacy of CBZ			Side effects related to CBZ
Potentiation	Inhibition	No effect	Potentiation	Reduction	No effect
Acorus calamus Linn.; Melatonin	Caffeine		Xiao-yao-san; Melatonin; Alcohol		Cassia auriculata Linn.; Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.

Study type: human study (bold), animal study (regular).