Active Component of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia Targeting Head and Neck Cancer Initiating Cells through Exaggerated Autophagic Cell Death
Figure 1
YMGKI-1 treatment effectively affects CIC subpopulation of HNSCC cells but not normal stem cells. (a) Chemical structure of YMGKI-1 isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea. (b) SAS cells were treated with 0, 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL of YMGKI-1 for 24 hr, afterward; the ALDH activity of YMGKI-1 treated cells was examined by flow cytometry. DEAB, the inhibitor of ALDH1 enzyme, was used to verify the ALDH-positive cells. The cells (c) or side population (d) of YMGKI-1-treated SAS or OECM1 cells were stained by anti-GRP78 antibody or Hoechst 33342 (see Section 2), respectively, and analyzed by flow cytometry. (e) The cell viability of YMGKI-1-treated parental SAS cells, normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs), amniotic fluid stem cells-2 (AFSC-2), and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and SAS-HN-CICs was measured by MTT assay, respectively. The data are means SD of triplicate samples from three experiments (**; ***). The same concentration (0.03%) of vehicle (DMSO) was added to all control groups.
