Comparison on the Effects and Safety of Tualang Honey and Tribestan in Sperm Parameters, Erectile Function, and Hormonal Profiles among Oligospermic Males

Table 3

Sperm parameters between Tualang honey and Tribestan.

Variable	ANOVA				ANCOVA
	Mean (SD^a)		stat^b	P value	EMM^c (95% CI^d)		stat^b	P value
	Tualang Honey	Tribestan			Tualang Honey	Tribestan
Sperm concentration (×10^6/mL)	31.4 (29.12)	25.3 (25.14)	0.23	0.632	30.9 (21.27, 40.53)	23.7 (13.76, 33.71)	1.18	0.281
Sperm motility (%)	48.1 (15.12)	49.8 (16.62)	0.18	0.670	47.2 (41.44, 52.93)	48.9 (42.94, 54.80)	0.18	0.670
Sperm morphology (%)	79.2 (14.80)	77.3 (10.86)	0.35	0.558	79.3 (74.53, 84.13)	77.2 (72.23, 82.16)	0.42	0.517

Standard deviation.
^b statistic.
^cEstimated marginal mean.
^dConfidence interval.