Acupuncture Stimulation Attenuates Impaired Emotional-Like Behaviors and Activation of the Noradrenergic System during Protracted Abstinence following Chronic Morphine Exposure in Rats

Figure 5

Changes in immobility time (a), climbing time (b), and swimming time (c) in the FST and the percentage of time spent in open-arm exploration (d) and the number of entries into open arms (e) and closed arms (f) in the EPM test at 1 or 4 weeks of protracted abstinence following repeated morphine administration. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 versus Saline group; ^#𝑃<0.05 versus 1-week time point in the Morphine group. Vertical bars indicate SE.

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