|
| Study | Herbal medicines | Animal model | Herbal extraction | Route of administration | Dosage and periods | Outcomes and mechanisms |
|
| Hsia et al. (2008) [56] | Adlay hull | Female Sprague-Dawley rats at estrus stage (200–300 g) | Solvent: 1 L of methanol | Subcutaneous injection | 5 or 10 mg/kg | Uterine contraction (induced by PG)↓ |
|
| Ma et al. (2011) [50] | Shao Fu Zhu Yu decoction | Female ICR mice (18–22 g) | Solvent: 1 L of boiling water
Time: twice for 1 h
Purity: 80% (by ethanol) | Oral | 0.92, 1.84, and 3.68 g/kg | (1) Acetic acid-induced writhing↓
(2) Hot-plate test latency (—)
(3) Formalin-induced licking↓
(4) Oxytocin-induced writhing↓
(5) ↓
(6) NO↓ |
|
| Liu et al. (2011) [18] | Xiang-Fu-Si-Wu decoction | Virgin female Wistar rats (180–220 g) and female ICR mice (20–25 g) | Solvent: ethanol (10–80%) | Oral | 54.60, 27.30, and 5.46 mg crude herbs/g/d |
↓ |
|
| Shi et al. (2012) [35] | Isoliquiritigenin (from Glycyrrhiza glabra) | Nonpregnant ICR mice (18–22 g) | Purity: >99% | Oral | 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg | (1) Acetic acid-induced writhing↓
(2) Hot-plate test latency↑ |
|
| Rowlands et al. (2012) [26] | Bak Foong Pills | Specified pathogen-free C57/B6 mice | — | Oral | 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 5 g/kg/day
For 3 days | (1) PGE2 level↓ (2) Acetic acid-induced writhing↓
(3) Somatostatin receptors 4 and 2 mRNA↓ |
|
| Su et al. (2012) [27] | (1) Commiphora myrrha (MWE)
(2) Boswellia carterii (FWE)
(3) Combined extracts (CWE) | ICR mice (18–22 g) | Solvent: 20 L of water
Time: twice for 1 h | Intragastric | (1) Control
(2) Dolantin (25 mg/kg)
(3) MWE (3.9 g/kg)
(4) FEW (6.8 g/kg)
(5) CWE (5.2 g/kg)
For 3 days | (1) Paw edema (induced by formalin, carrageenan)↓
(2) PGE2 level↓
(3) Oxytocin-induced writhing↓ |
|
| Chen et al. (2013) [36] | Yuanhu painkillers (YHP) | Virgin female Wistar rats (250–300 g) | — | Oral | (1) YHP (0.698 g/kg)
(2) Tetrahydropalmatine (0.07 g/kg)
(3) Imperatorin (0.02 g/kg)
(4) Polypharmacy (0.02 g/kg)
(5) Tetrahydropalmatine + imperatorin (0.07 g/kg)
For 10 days | (1) SOD↑
(2) MDA↓
(3) NO, iNOS↓
(4) i-κB↑
(5) NF-κB↓
(6) COX-2↓ |
|
| Liu et al. (2014) [58] | Xiang-Fu-Si-Wu decoction | Female Sprague-Dawley rats (220–250 g) | Solvent: 80% ethanol
Time: twice for 2 h | Oral | 3.78 g crude herbs/kg/d
For 7 days | (1) PG level (—)
(2) Lysophospholipids↑ |
|
