A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on the Efficacy of Herbal Medicines for Primary Dysmenorrhea

Table 5

Target cells and animal models.

Target cells (in vitro)	Reference
Human endometrium	[24]
Uterine muscle from rats or mice	[14, 18, 35, 56, 61–67]
Endometrium from rats	[25]
Animal models (in vivo)	Reference
Estrus stage	[56]
Induced by oxytocin following estradiol benzoate	[18, 27, 36, 50, 58]
Induced by acetic acid	[26, 35, 50]