Bench to Bed Evidences for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Involving Oseltamivir and Chinese Medicine

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters of oseltamivir (OA) and oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) in rats after oral administration of OA alone (30 mg/kg) (Group 1) or OA (30 mg/kg) in combination with CMF1 at 1.95 mg/kg (Group 2) or at 3.90 mg/kg (Group 3), bid for 5 days.

Analyte	PK parameters	Group 1 (𝑛=10)	Group 2 (𝑛=11)	Group 3 (𝑛=10)
OA	𝑇max (min)	33.00±19.75	35.45±24.44	51.00±14.49^∗
	𝐶max (𝜇g/mL)	1.16±0.30	0.94±0.13^#	0.95±0.23
	𝑡1/2,𝜆𝑧 (min)	103.18±8.77	100.91±17.72	99.17±11.63
	AUC0--8h (𝜇g*min/mL)	199.85±56.88	172.16±23.70	195.56±35.38
	AUC0--inf (𝜇g*min/mL)	209.14±60.23	180.00±26.40	213.28±38.76
	𝑉𝑑,𝜆𝑧/F (L/k)g	23.39±8.17	24.44±3.75	20.75±4.46
	CL/F (mL/min/kg)	158.34±59.61	169.92±24.63	144.75±25.39
	CL renal (mL/min)	6.10±1.32	5.47±1.21	5.43±0.97
	Renal recovery (% of dose)	15.84±2.88	13.39±3.07^#	14.02±1.41
OC	𝑇max (min)	105.00±32.40	106.36±20.63	120.00±24.49
	𝐶max (𝜇g/mL)	1.65±0.40	1.36±0.28^#	1.19±0.23^∗∗
	𝑡1/2,𝜆𝑧 (min)	151.70±25.10	146.45±19.10	156.83±16.78
	AUC0--8h (𝜇g*min/mL)	418.81±90.86	344.13±91.46^#	304.84±40.32^∗∗
	AUC0--inf (𝜇g*min/mL)	485.45±113.03	395.67±109.41^#	359.21±41.30^∗∗
	CL renal (mL/min)	6.33±1.27	6.27±1.76	6.34±0.69
	Renal recovery (% of dose)	35.26±5.40	29.73±7.33^#	25.94±3.09^∗∗
OC/OA	AUC0--8h	2.28±0.85	2.03±0.60	1.60±0.35^∗
	AUC0--inf	2.51±0.86	2.22±0.61	1.73±0.35^∗

^∗𝑃<0.05 and **𝑃<0.01 in comparison with those in Group 1; ^#0.05<𝑃<0.08 in comparison with those in Group 1.