Synergetic Antimicrobial Effects of Mixtures of Ethiopian Honeys and Ginger Powder Extracts on Standard and Resistant Clinical Bacteria Isolates
Table 1
Results of one-way ANOVA and descriptive statistics of the inhibitions of honeys, ginger extracts, and honey-ginger extracts mixtures on the test bacteria isolates.
Agents
Test organisms
Mean
Standard deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Honey*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
6
22.50
1.64
21.00
24.00
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
6
15.50
1.517
13.00
17.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae(R)
6
16.00
0.63
15.00
17.00
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
6
23.00
1.27
21.00
24.00
Escherichia coli (R)
6
19.17
1.33
18.00
21.00
Total
30
19.23
3.42
13.00
24.00
Extract*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
6
22.50
1.64
21.00
24.00
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
6
15.50
1.52
13.00
17.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae (R)
6
16.00
0.63
15.00
17.00
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
6
23.00
1.26
21.00
24.00
Escherichia coli (R)
6
19.17
1.33
18.00
21.00
Total
30
19.23
3.42
13.00
24.00
Mixture*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
12
28.25
1.14
27.00
30.00
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
12
24.92
1.56
22.00
27.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae (R)
12
22.50
1.57
19.00
25.00
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
12
27.92
1.38
26.00
30.00
Escherichia coli (R)
12
24.50
0.90
23.00
26.00
Total
60
25.62
2.55
19.00
30.00
Methicillin*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
3
12.00
2.55
11.00
13.00
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
3
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae (R)
3
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
3
8.00
0.00
7.00
9.00
Escherichia coli (R)
3
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
Total
12
4.00
0.00
0.00
13.00
Amoxicillin*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
3
21.00
5.26
20.00
22.00
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
3
10.00
1.00
9.00
11.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae (R)
3
—
1.00
—
—
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
3
10.00
—
10.00
10.00
Escherichia coli (R)
3
8.00
0.00
7.00
9.00
Total
12
12.25
1.00
7.00
22.00
Penicillin*
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
3
20.00
5.40
19.50
20.50
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
3
13.00
0.50
12.00
14.00
Klebsiella pneumoniae (R)
3
—
1.00
—
—
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)
3
10.00
—
9.00
11.00
Escherichia coli (R)
3
10.00
1.00
9.50
10.50
Total
12
13.25
0.50
9.00
20.50
4.32
The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
