Ameliorating Adriamycin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats by Orally Administrated Cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra Venom

Table 2

The effects of cardiotoxin on serum bioparameters.

Items	Saline + saline	Adriamycin + saline	Adriamycin + cardiotoxin 45 𝜇g/kg	Adriamycin + cardiotoxin 90 𝜇g/kg	Adriamycin + cardiotoxin 180 𝜇g/kg
Albumin (g/L)	30.06±0.89^###	17.43±2.25^∗∗∗	17.74±1.78^∗∗∗	16.90±2.89^∗∗∗	18.49±2.15^∗∗∗
Globulin (g/L)	23.60±0.79^###	102.17±27.14^∗∗∗	83.07±30.88^∗∗	92.01±43.87^∗∗∗	64.01±26.58^∗#
Albumin/Globulin	1.28±0.07^###	0.19±0.09^∗∗∗	0.25±0.14^∗∗∗	0.26±0.20^∗∗∗	0.35±0.18^∗∗∗
Triglyceride (TG) (mmol/L)	1.21±0.12^###	35.32±11.27^∗∗∗	27.90±12.70^∗∗	31.20±17.41^∗∗∗	21.70±12.09^∗∗
Total; cholesterol (TC) (mmol/L)	1.61±0.12^###	15.05±0.93^∗∗∗	11.95±2.38^∗∗∗#	12.88±2.69^∗∗∗	11.22±3.00^∗∗∗##
Phosphorus (P) (mmol/L)	2.77±0.29	2.95±0.20	2.86±0.15	2.69±0.17^#	2.57±0.28^##
Sodium (Na) (mmol/L)	138.92±0.50^##	135.76±0.76^∗∗	137.90±1.44^#	138.97±2.13^##	139.13±1.97^###

Note: the data showing mean ± standard deviation. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 compared with “saline + saline” group. ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01, and ^###𝑃<0.001 compared with “adriamycin + saline” group.