Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Aspects of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre

Table 1

List of chemical constituents isolated from Persicaria hydropiper.

Class of compound	Name of compound	Plant part	Type of extract	References
Flavonoids	Apigenin-7-O-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	(+)-Catechin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
		Callus and suspension-cultured cells	Acetone	[53]
	(−)-Epicatechin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
		Callus and suspension-cultured cells	Acetone	[53]
	(−)-Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	Callus and suspension-cultured cells	Acetone	[53]
	Galloyl quercitrin	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Galloyl quercetin-3-O-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Galloyl kaempferol-3-O-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
			MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Galloyl quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Hyperin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
	Isoquercitrin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Leaves	MeOH	[44]
	Isoquercitrin 3-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[45]
	Isorhamnetin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	EtOAc fraction	[39]
		Leaves	MeOH	[45]
	Isorhamnetin 3,7-disulphate	Leaves	MeOH	[46]
	Kaempferol	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	EtOAc fraction	[39]
			MeOH fraction	[41]
	Kaempferol rutinoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
			MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Percicarin/persicarin	Leaves	MeOH	[45]
	Quercitrin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Quercetin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	EtOAc fraction	[39]
			MeOH fraction	[41]
		Leaves	MeOH	[17, 44, 45]
			MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Quercetin 3-sulphate	Leaves	MeOH	[46]
	Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Rhamnazin	Herbs	EtOAc	[39]
		Leaves	MeOH	[45]
	Rhamnazin-3-sulphate	Leaves	MeOH	[45]
	Rhamnetin	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Rutin	Whole plant	MeOH (80%)	[40]
		Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
	Scutellarein	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	Tamarixetin 3-O-β-glucoside-7-sulphate	Leaves	MeOH	[46]
	3′-Methylquercetin	Leaves	MeOH	[44]
	6-Hydroxyluteolin	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	6-Hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	6-Hydroxyapigenin	Leaves	MeOH (80%)	[16]
	7,4′-Dimethylquercetin	Leaves	MeOH	[44]
Phenylpropanoids	Hydropiperoides	Roots	MeOH	[50]
		Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Hydropiperoides A	Stems and leaves	MeOH	[43]
	Hydropiperoides B	Stems and leaves	MeOH	[43]
	Vanicoside A	Stems and leaves	MeOH	[43]
		Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Vanicoside B	Stems and leaves	MeOH	[43]
		Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Vanicoside D	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Vanicoside E	Stems and leaves	MeOH	[43]
Sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids	Changweikangic acid A	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	Confertifolin	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
			Essential oil	[48]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18, 52]
	Dendocarbin L	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	Drimenol	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18]
	(+)-Fuegin	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
		Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Futronolide	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	Isodrimeninol	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18, 52]
	Isopolygodial	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18, 52]
	Isopolygonal	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Polygodial	Top part	Petroleum	[49]
		Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18, 52]
		Shoot cultures	—	[54]
	Polygodial acetal	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Polygonumate	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	Polygonal	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18, 52]
	Polygonic acid	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Polygonone	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Valdiviolide	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
	Warburganal	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[18]
		Seeds	Diethyl ether	[18]
	(+)-Winterin	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	3-β-Angeloyloxy-7-epifutronolide	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	7-Ketoisodrimenin	Whole plant	MeOH	[42]
	11-Ethoxycinnamolide	Leaves	Diethyl ether	[47]
Others	Acetic acid	Leaves	Essential oil	[48]
	Anthraquinone	Roots	MeOH	[50]
	Caffeic acid	Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
	Chlorogenic acid	Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
	ρ-Coumaric acid	Herbs	MeOH fraction	[41]
	Diethylene glycol monoacetate	Leaves	Essential oil	[48]
	Ellagic acid 3,3′-di-O-methyl ether	Roots	MeOH	[50]
	Ethyl benzene	Leaves	Essential oil	[48]
	Ethyl propionate (propionic acid, ethyl ester)	Leaves	Essential oil	[48]
	Gallic acid	Roots	MeOH	[50]
	3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid	Leaves	MeOH	[17]
	Polygonolide	Roots	MeOH	[51]
	n-Propyl acetate	Leaves	Essential oil	[48]