Review Article
Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelial Function in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Table 1
Basic characteristics of the included clinical trials.
| Study, year | Methods | BH4-treated | Placebo | Number | Sex (M/F) | Age | Number | Sex (M/F) | Age |
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Maier et al., 2000 [13] | Randomized | 19 | 3/16 | 56 ± 10 | * | * | * | Setoguchi et al., 2001 [22] | Randomized | 15 | 10/5 | 60 ± 11 | * | * | * | Nyström et al., 2004 [23] | Randomized; single-blind crossover | 6 | 6/0 | 59 ± 2 | 6 | 6/0 | 59 ± 2 | 5 | 5/0 | 57 ± 2 | 5 | 5/0 | 57 ± 2 | 5 | 5/0 | 29 ± 4 | 5 | 5/0 | 29 ± 4 | Worthley et al., 2007 [24] | Randomized controlled | 22 | 4/18 | 60 ± 9 | 5 | * | | 25 | 5/20 | 60 ± 9 | 5 | * | | Settergren et al., 2009 [25] | Randomized; blind, crossover | 12 | 12/0 | 71 ± 1.5 | * | | | Cunnington et al., 2012 [26] | Randomized; double-blind; parallel design | 30 | 3/27 | * | 19 | 3/16 | 68 ± 2 | Stroes et al., 1997 [27] | Randomized controlled | 13 | 9/4 | 32 ± 4 | * | | | 13 | 9/4 | 28 ± 2 | * | | | Fukuda et al., 2002 [30] | Randomized controlled | 9 | 7/2 | 61 ± 9 | * | | | 9 | 7/2 | 59 ± 9 | * | | |
Wyss et al., 2005 [28] | Randomized controlled | 9 | 7/2 | 54 ± 8 | * | * | * | 10 | 10/0 | 25 ± 3 | * | * | * |
Holowatz and Kenney, 2011 [29] | Randomized controlled | 9 | 6/3 | 53 ± 3 | * | | | 9 | 5/4 | 49 ± 2 | * | | | Cosentino et al., 2008 [14] | Randomized; double-blind; parallel design | 11 | 7/4 | 61 ± 9 | 10 | 10/0 | 54 ± 10 | 9 | 7/2 | 54.4 ± 9.5 | * | | | Higashi et al., 2002 [31] | Randomized controlled | 8 | 6/2 | 48 ± 11 | * | | | 8 | 6/2 | 44 ± 9 | * | | | Porkert et al., 2008 [12] | Randomized | 24 | 9/15 | * | * | | | Heitzer et al., 2000 [15] | Randomized controlled | 23 | 7/16 | 52 ± 2 | * | | | 12 | 8/4 | 50 ± 3 | * | | |
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