Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Anti-Trichophyton Activity of Protocatechuates and Their Synergism with Fluconazole

Table 1

MIC and MFC values (mg/L) and quantitative analysis of fungal cellular viability of protocatechuic acid derivates against Trichophyton spp.


	R	Tr1	Tr2	Tr3	Tm1	Tm2	Tm3
	R	MIC (MFC)	MIC (MFC)	MIC (MFC)	MIC (MFC)	MIC (MFC)	MIC (MFC)

Acid protocatechuic	H	250 (250)	250 (250)	250 (250)	250 (>250)	250 (>250)	125 (125)
Acid 3.4 diacetoxybenzoic	—	250 (250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	250 (250)	>250 (>250)	250 (250)
Protocatechuate methyl	CH₃	62.5 (62.5)	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (62.5)	62.5 (250)	62.5 (62.5)	31.2 (62.5)
Protocatechuate ethyl	CH₂CH₃	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (62.5)	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (125)
Protocatechuate propyl	(CH₂)2CH₃	15.6 (15.6)	31.2 (31.2)	31.2 (31.2)	15.6 (62.5)	62.5 (62.5)	15.6 (31.2)
Protocatechuate butyl	(CH₂)3CH₃	15.6 (15.6)	7.80 (7.80)	7.80 (7.80)	7.80 (62.5)	15.6 (15.6)	15.6 (15.6)
Protocatechuate pentyl	(CH₂)4CH₃	7.80 (7.80)	7.80 (7.80)	7.80 (7.80)	3.90 (15.6)	7.80 (7.80)	7.80 (7.80)
Protocatechuate hexyl	(CH₂)5CH₃	3.90 (3.90)	1.95 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)	1.95 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (7.80)
Protocatechuate heptyl	(CH₂)6CH₃	1.95 (1.95)	1.95 (1.95)	1.95 (1.95)	3.90 (3.90)	0.97 (0.97)	3.90 (3.90)
Protocatechuate octyl	(CH₂)7CH₃	1.95 (1.95)	7.80 (7.80)	0.97 (1.95)	1.95 (3.90)	1.95 (1.95)	3.90 (3.90)
Protocatechuate nonyl	(CH₂)8CH₃	1.95 (1.95)	3.90 (3.90)	1.95 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)
Protocatechuate decyl	(CH₂)9CH₃	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (7.8)	7.80 (7.80)	3.90 (3.90)	3.90 (15.6)
Protocatechuate dodecyl	(CH₂)11CH₃	>250 (>250)	125 (125)	>250 (250)	250 (250)	62.5 (62.5)	31.2 (62.5)
Protocatechuate tetradecyl	(CH₂)13CH₃	>250 (>250)	125 (125)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	125 (250)	>250 (>250)
Protocatechuate hexadecyl	(CH₂)15CH₃	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)
Protocatechuate octadecyl	(CH₂)17CH₃	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)	>250 (>250)

MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration; MFC: minimal fungicidal concentration; Tr1 and Tr2: T. rubrum clinical isolates; Tr3: T. rubrum ATCC MYA 3108; Tm1 and Tm2: T. interdigitale clinical isolates; and Tm3: T. mentagrophytes ATCC 40131.