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| Mechanism | Medicinal plant component |
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| MAPK pathway | Inhibition of p-p38 signaling | Madecassoside, Genistein, and Xiamenmycin |
| Inhibition of p-ERK1/2 signaling | Genistein, Tetrandrine, Cryptotanshinone, and Quercetin |
| Inhibition of p-JNK signaling | Quercetin |
| PI3K/AKT signaling | | Madecassoside |
| Mitochondrial-dependent pathway | Increase of Bax | Madecassoside, Genistein, Ginsenoside Rg3, and Osthole |
| Decrease of Bcl-2 | Madecassoside, Genistein, Tetrandrine, Ginsenoside Rg3, and Osthole |
| Increase of cytoplasm Cyt-c | Ginsenoside Rg3 |
| Cell cycle | Decrease of G0-G1 phase | Genistein, Angelica naphtha, Emodin, and Panax notoginseng saponins |
| Increase of G2-M | Genistein |
| Decrease of S phase | 10-Hydroxycamptothecin, Tetrandrine, Aloe emodin, and Hirudin |
| Prevention from G0/G1 into G2 phase | Tetrandrine |
| RhoA/ROCK-I signal pathway | Inhibitory secretion of RhocA, ROCK-I, and CTGF | Xiamenmycin |
| VEGF signal pathway | | Cryptotanshinone |
| FAK signal pathway | | Cryptotanshinone, Xiamenmycin |
| TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway | | Oxymatrine |
| Downregulation of collagen I/III expression | | Genistein, Astragaloside IV, Tetrandrine, Resveratrol, 5F, Curcumin, Oleanolic Acid, and Hirudin |
| Decrease of α-SMA | | Genistein, Panax notoginseng saponins |
| Activation of caspases | Activation of caspase-3 | Madecassoside, Genistein, 5F, Cryptotanshinone, Oleanolic Acid, and Ginsenoside Rg3 |
| Activation of caspase-9 | Madecassoside, Oleanolic Acid |
| Suppression of TPK activation | | Kazinol F |
| Inhibition of topoisomerase I | | 10-Hydroxycamptothecin |
| Decrease of TGF-β1 secretion | | Tetrandrine, Panax notoginseng saponins, Osthole, and Hirudin |
| Inhibition of TGF-β1 transcription | | Astragaloside IV, Oleanolic Acid |
| Downregulation of TIMP-l expression | | Oleanolic Acid |
| Reduction of LDH and increase of the ratio of collagen I/collagen III | | Matrine |
| Increase of T-SOD and GSH-Px activity | | Tan IIA |
| MMP | Enhancement of MMP-1 | Tetrandrine, Tan IIA, and Oleanolic Acid |
| Enhancement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 | Hirudin |
| Enhancement of MMP-13 | Madecassoside |
| Increase of intracellular calcium | | Emodin, Arteannuin |
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