The Resin from Protium heptaphyllum Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Scientific Evidence and Potential Mechanisms

Table 2

Effects of Protium heptaphyllum resin (PHR) and sibutramine (SIB) treatment on serum and liver parameters in mice fed experimental diets for 15 weeks.

Group	ND	HFD	HFD + RPH 10 mg/kg	HFD + RPH 20 mg/kg	HFD + SIB 10 mg/kg
Amylase (U/L)	99.73 ± 4.14	164.30 ± 11.46^a	123.20 ± 12.73^b	109.90 ± 9.59^b	101.00 ± 8.74^b
Lipase (U/L)	223.30 ± 10.27	295.70 ± 25.62^a	294.30 ± 12.51	221.10 ± 9.78^b	251.30 ± 9.53^b
ALT (U/L)	41.75 ± 3.06	75.75 ± 10.99^a	35.13 ± 2.63^b	40.63 ± 8.92^b	48.38 ± 5.48^b
AST (U/L)	72.71 ± 10.55	189.0 ± 10.24^a	69.63 ± 5.21^b	64.63 ± 3.22^b	71.50 ± 8.18^b
Glucose (mg/dL)	125.30 ± 8.34	219.10 ± 15.68^a	142.30 ± 11.12^b	146.40 ± 7.16^b	177.30 ± 11.67^b
Insulin (ng/mL)	1.059 ± 0.14	4.524 ± 0.58^a	1.408 ± 0.11^b	1.489 ± 0.27^b	0.8588 ± 0.08^b
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	121.80 ± 3.82	206.60 ± 13.31^a	171.00 ± 6.49^b	151.20 ± 10.37^b	171.40 ± 6.28^b
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	110.20 ± 11.11	183.40 ± 13.78^a	84.20 ± 6.19^b	94.20 ± 6.61^b	106.00 ± 6.88^b
Liver total cholesterol (mg/g)	6.29 ± 0.92	13.50 ± 1.07^a	7.57 ± 1.36^b	7.43 ± 0.97^b	5.43 ± 0.29^b
Liver triglycerides (mg/g)	53.38 ± 8.29	129.30 ± 18.23^a	74.29 ± 14.45^b	70.63 ± 10.22^b	47.75 ± 6.25^b

Values are mean ± SEM (n = 8). ND: normal diet; HFD: high fat diet; RPH: resin of Protium heptaphyllum; SIB: sibutramine. ^aP < 0.05 versus mice fed ND; ^bP < 0.05 versus mice fed HFD (ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test).