Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice

Figure 10

Representative immunohistochemical images of IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α in the submandibular LN tissues, taken from unexposed intact or DNCB-induced AD mice bathing on seawaters or topical application of DEXA. Noticeable increases of the numbers of IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α immunolabeled cells were observed in DNCB control mice as compared with intact vehicle control hairless mice, respectively. However, these submandibular LN hypersensitivities related increases of cytokine immunoreactive cells were significantly inhibited by topical treatment of 1% DEXA, bathing on the ESGW, WSGW, ESSW, and WSSW as compared with DNCB control mice, in that order, respectively. AD = allergic/atopic-like dermatitis; DNCB = 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene; DEXA = dexamethasone-water soluble; WSSW = west surface seawater collected around Wepo-ri (Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea); WSGW = west saline groundwater collected at Yonggungoncheon (Seokmo-do, Republic of Korea); ESSW = east surface seawater collected around Nagok-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); ESGW = east saline groundwater collected around Hoojeong-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); LN = lymph node; IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase (2); TNF = tumor necrosis factor; ABC = avidin-biotin complex. All being ABC immunostain. Scale bars = 40 μm.

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