Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice

Figure 5

Representative immunohistochemical images of caspase-3, PARP, NT, 4-HNE, and MMP-9 in the dorsal back skin tissues, taken from unexposed intact or DNCB-induced AD mice bathing on seawaters or topical application of DEXA. Noticeable elevations of caspase-3, PARP, NT, and 4-HNE immunoreactive epidermal cells, dermal MMP-9 immunoreactivities were detected on the dorsal back skin tissues in DNCB control mice, respectively. However, these increases of immunoreactivities related AD signs were significantly inhibited by bathing on the ESGW, WSGW, ESSW, and WSSW as compared with DNCB control mice, in that order, respectively. Topical application of 1% DEXA also significantly reduced the increases of caspase-3, PARP, NT, and 4-HNE immunoreactive epidermal cells and dermal MMP-9 immunoreactivities as compared with DNCB control mice, in this experiment. (a) Intact vehicle control mice bathing on the distilled water; (b) DNCB control mice bathing on the distilled water; (c) AD mice bathing on the WSSW; (d) AD mice bathing on the WSGW; (e) AD mice bathing on the ESSW; (f) AD mice bathing on the ESGW; (g) 1% DEXA topically applied AD mice. AD = allergic/atopic-like dermatitis; DNCB = 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene; DEXA = dexamethasone-water soluble; WSSW = west surface seawater collected around Wepo-ri (Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea); WSGW = west saline groundwater collected at Yonggungoncheon (Seokmo-do, Republic of Korea); ESSW = east surface seawater collected around Nagok-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); ESGW = east saline groundwater collected around Hoojeong-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); PARP = cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; NT = nitrotyrosine; 4-HNE = 4-hydroxynonenal; MMP = matrix metalloprotease; ABC = avidin-biotin complex. All being ABC immunostain. Scale bars = 40 μm.

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