Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice

Figure 6

Representative immunohistochemical images of dermal IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α in the dorsal back skin tissues, taken from unexposed intact or DNCB-induced AD mice bathing on seawaters or topical application of DEXA. Dramatic infiltrations of dermal IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α immunolabeled cells were observed in DNCB control mice as compared with intact vehicle control hairless mice, respectively. However, these increases of immunoreactivities of IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α in the dermis were significantly inhibited by bathing on the ESGW, WSGW, ESSW, and WSSW as compared with DNCB control mice, in that order, respectively. Topical application of 1% DEXA also significantly reduced the increases of dermal IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α immunolabeled cells induced by NDCB treatment as compared with DNCB control mice, in this experiment. (a) Intact vehicle control mice bathing on the distilled water; (b) DNCB control mice bathing on the distilled water; (c) AD mice bathing on the WSSW; (d) AD mice bathing on the WSGW; (e) AD mice bathing on the ESSW; (f) AD mice bathing on the ESGW; (g) 1% DEXA topically applied AD mice. AD = allergic/atopic-like dermatitis; DNCB = 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene; DEXA = dexamethasone-water soluble; WSSW = west surface seawater collected around Wepo-ri (Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea); WSGW = west saline groundwater collected at Yonggungoncheon (Seokmo-do, Republic of Korea); ESSW = east surface seawater collected around Nagok-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); ESGW = east saline groundwater collected around Hoojeong-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase (2); TNF = tumor necrosis factor; ABC = avidin-biotin complex. All being ABC immunostain. Scale bars = 40 μm.

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