Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice

Table 10

Splenic tissues histomorphometry after 6 weeks of continuous bathing on seawaters or topical application of DEXA in DNCB-induced AD mice.


Index	Controls		DEXA	Bathing on
Index	Intact	DNCB	DEXA	WSSW	WSGW	ESSW	ESGW

Total Th	1.55 ± 0.28	3.42 ± 0.59^a	1.67 ± 0.29^c	2.34 ± 0.39^ac	1.92 ± 0.25^bc	2.08 ± 0.25^ac	1.73 ± 0.12^c
White pulp	12.75 ± 1.49	14.00 ± 1.69	12.88 ± 2.03	14.38 ± 2.13	13.00 ± 1.51	13.25 ± 1.67	13.63 ± 2.72
Red pulp cells	2.91 ± 0.87	29.40 ± 7.33^a	5.09 ± 2.65^bc	21.83 ± 3.20^ad	15.54 ± 2.15^ac	18.37 ± 2.19^ac	11.21 ± 4.27^ac
Immunoreactive cells
TNF-α	14.13 ± 6.20	430.88 ± 90.74^a	46.50 ± 19.67^ac	287.38 ± 79.22^ac	162.25 ± 39.33^ac	220.75 ± 56.24^ac	96.63 ± 16.40^ac
IFN-γ	57.13 ± 28.54	697.63 ± 121.01^a	132.75 ± 39.64^ac	526.25 ± 67.50^ad	360.00 ± 100.05^ac	413.88 ± 87.74^ac	239.13 ± 81.36^ac
iNOS	64.38 ± 20.28	791.25 ± 144788	146.63 ± 30.65^ac	574.00 ± 117.85^ac	385.50 ± 72.73^ac	495.38 ± 81.59^ac	286.63 ± 82.41^ac
IL-1β	143.38 ± 49.11	814.88 ± 172.80^a	145.63 ± 65.53^c	607.63 ± 105.33^ad	415.38 ± 114.67^ac	551.88 ± 111.26^ac	332.88 ± 98.48^ac
IL-2	89.38 ± 47.11	889.88 ± 148.36^a	138.88 ± 45.04^bc	594.75 ± 141.99^ac	367.13 ± 107.45^ac	462.38 ± 117.65^ac	240.88 ± 117.08^ac

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of eight hairless mice. AD = allergic/atopic-like dermatitis; DNCB = 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene; DEXA = dexamethasone-water soluble; WSSW = west surface seawater collected around Wepo-ri (Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea); WSGW = west saline groundwater collected at Yonggungoncheon (Seokmo-do, Republic of Korea); ESSW = east surface seawater collected around Nagok-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); ESGW = east saline groundwater collected around Hoojeong-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); Th = thickness; IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase (); TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ^a and ^b as compared with intact control by MW test; ^c and ^d as compared with DNCB control by MW test.