Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice

Table 7

Changes on the skin antioxidant defense systems after 6 weeks of continuous bathing on seawaters or topical application of DEXA in DNCB-induced AD mice.

Groups	Skin antioxidant defense systems
	Glutathione; (μM/mg of protein)	Lipid peroxidation-malondialdehyde; (nM/mg of protein)	Superoxide anion production; (NBT reduction/OD at 600 nm)
Controls
Intact	1.49 ± 0.27	0.38 ± 0.13	0.41 ± 0.12
DNCB	0.44 ± 0.17^a	2.66 ± 0.70^d	1.68 ± 0.27^d
Reference
DEXA	0.43 ± 0.13^a	2.58 ± 0.87^d	1.57 ± 0.62^d
Bathing on
WSSW	0.67 ± 0.10^ac	1.83 ± 0.35^df	1.28 ± 0.26^df
WSGW	0.83 ± 0.22^ab	1.38 ± 0.22^de	1.03 ± 0.22^de
ESSW	0.76 ± 0.18^ab	1.72 ± 0.20^df	1.14 ± 0.17^de
ESGW	1.01 ± 0.27^ab	1.03 ± 0.31^de	0.73 ± 0.25^de

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of eight hairless mice. AD = allergic/atopic-like dermatitis; DNCB = 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene; DEXA = dexamethasone-water soluble; WSSW = west surface seawater collected around Wepo-ri (Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea); WSGW = west saline groundwater collected at Yonggungoncheon (Seokmo-do, Republic of Korea); ESSW = east surface seawater collected around Nagok-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); ESGW = east saline groundwater collected around Hoojeong-ri (Uljin, Republic of Korea); OD = optical density; NBT = nitro blue tetrazolium; LSD = least-significant differences multicomparison. ^a as compared with intact control by LSD test; ^b and ^c as compared with DNCB control by LSD test; ^d as compared with intact control by MW test; ^e and ^f as compared with DNCB control by MW test.