Flavonoid 4′-O-Methylkuwanon E from Morus alba Induces the Differentiation of THP-1 Human Leukemia Cells

Figure 2

Growth inhibition and influence on viability and morphological changes of THP-1 cells by 4ME. Cells were seeded (2 10⁵ cells/mL) and cultured with 0 (◆), 5 (■), 10 (▲), and 20 () µM 4ME for 96 h. Aliquots of cells were used for the determination of total number of cells (a) and cell viability (b). The results shown are expressed as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments, with each condition tested in triplicate. ; ; , significantly different from control. (c) Morphological changes of THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells after 72 h treatment with 4ME. (1) Vehicle treated THP-1 cells and (2) 4ME (20 µM) treated THP-1 cells. In comparison with monocytes, differentiated macrophages tend to adhere to the bottoms of the cultivation plates, as indicated with arrows (50x magnification). (d) THP-1 cells (2 10⁵ cells/mL) were cultured for 72 and 96 h. The number of adherent cells was determined as described in Materials and Methods. Each value represents the mean ± SD.

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