Randomized, single blind, crossover Duration: 14 months
(M 17; F 4) Drop-out Age: 5.75–13.92 years
AIT according to Berard
Similar but with nonfunctional headphones and unmodified music
Two 30 min sessions for 10 consecutive days
ABCa (baseline and every month after), direct observation of behavior (baseline and every month after), Vineland, Reynell Language Developmental Scales-III, Leiter (baseline and month 14)
No significant difference between the two groups
Small sample size High drop-out rate (low compliance) Per-protocol analysis, no intention to treat
Randomized, single blind, parallel group Duration: 3 months
(M 12; F 6) Drop-out Age: 4–21 years
AIT according to Berard,
Music unmodified,
Two 30 min sessions for 10 consecutive days
ABCa, FAPC, HSQ (baseline, 2 weeks, and 1-2-3 months after)
Significant improvement in ABCa and FAPC for the experimental group
Significant difference at baseline from patients in the AIT and control group Small sample size Experimenter not blinded (while parents and assessors of outcome were blinded)