Efficacy of Acupuncture in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Characteristics and methodological quality of included studies.

Study	Study design	Sample size (n1/n2)	Nation/region	Age (mean or range)	Baseline	EC approval	Jadad score
Dong et al., 2012 [6]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	120 (60/60)	China	E: 8.61 (5~12) years; C: 8.57 (5~13) years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Hong et al., 2011 [7]	RCT, parallel 3 arms	99 (33/33/33)	China	5~13 years	Adequate	Not reported	2
Hui et al., 2006 [8]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	67 (35/32)	China	E: 5~12 years; C: 6~11 years	Adequate	Not reported	2
Liu, 2007 [9]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	60 (30/30)	China	5~12 years	Not reported	Not reported	1
Karaman et al., 2011 [10]	RCT, parallel 2 arms Prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, single-blind study	83 (57/26)	Turkey	E: 8.5 ± 3.2 years; C: 8.9 ± 3.3 years	Adequate	Yes	3
Ding et al., 2007 [11]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	80 (42/38)	China	3~13 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Tong and Zhan, 2009 [12]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	60 (30/30)	Guinea-Bissau	6~20 years	Adequate	Not reported	2
Moursy et al., 2014 [13]	RCT, parallel 3 arms	186 (62/62/62)	Egypt	15.7 years (range 10–21 years)	Adequate	Yes	3
Tian and Zhong, 2008 [14]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	228 (116/112)	China	E: 7.58 ± 2.16 years; C: 8.26 ± 2.67 years	Adequate	Not reported	3
Ling and Chen, 2011 [15]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	60 (30/30)	China	E: 9.2 (5~16) years; C: 9.1 (5~15) years	Adequate	Not reported	2
Radmayr et al., 2001 [16]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	40 (20/20)	Austria	E: 8.6 (5~16) years; C: 8.0 (5~14) years	Adequate	Yes	2
Radvanska et al., 2011 [17]	RCT, parallel 2 arms Prospective, single-blind, randomized, placebo controlled design	29 (16/13)	Slovakia	E: 8.7 ± 1.4 years; C: 8.6 ± 1.3 years	Adequate	Yes	4
Yang et al., 2012 [18]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	69 (35/34)	China	3~15 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Luo, 2010 [19]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	40 (20/20)	China	E: 8.5 ± 0.1 years; C: 8.4 ± 0.2 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Tang et al., 2012 [20]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	48 (24/24)	China	E: 5~11 years; C: 5~12 years	Adequate	Not reported	2
Qiu, 2008 [21]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	56 (31/25)	China	3~16 years	Not reported	Not reported	1
Zhu et al., 2003 [22]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	76 (41/35)	China	4~15 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Zhang, 2010 [23]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	80 (40/40)	China	3~18 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Chen and Gu, 2003 [24]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	72 (40/32)	China	5~14 years	Adequate	Not reported	1
Yuksek et al., 2003 [25]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	24 (12/12)	Turkey	E: 7.67 ± 2.34 years; C: 7.41 ± 2.67 years	Adequate	No	1
Hong and Zhang, 2009 [26]	RCT, parallel 2 arms	30 (15/15)	China	8~21 years	Adequate	Not reported	1