Effects of Passive Hydrotherapy WATSU (WaterShiatsu) in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Results of a Controlled Pilot Study
Table 5
Analyses of short-term changes in outcome measures between the intervention and the control group.
Variablesa
Δ values
b
Cohen’s
Intervention group before and after WATSU
Control group before and after 2 hours waiting period
VAS stressfulness (mm)c
(i) At day 1
−21 (±22)
−3 (±11)
0.090
(ii) At day 4
−14 (±14)
+1 (±12)
0.021
0.61
VAS pain (mm)c
(i) At day 1
−8 (±9)
−1 (±4)
0.037
0.51
(ii) At day 4
−11 (±11)
+3 (±10)
0.005
0.72
MDMQ mood scale scored
(i) At day 1
+1.8 (±1.9)
+0.5 (±2.51)
0.175
(ii) At day 4
+4.7 (±6.2)
−0.1 (±1.13)
0.013
0.56
MDMQ alertness scale scored
(i) At day 1
+2.1 (±3.6)
+0.1 (±1.2)
0.200
(ii) At day 4
+5.7 (±4.7)
+0.4 (±1.2)
0.001
0.79
MDMQ calmness scale scored
(i) At day 1
4.6 (±3.0)
−0.3 (±1.9)
0.002
0.96
(ii) At day 4
5.6 (±5.8)
−0.5 (±2.2)
0.008
0.71
All continuous data are presented as mean (SD).
b values refer to Mann-Whitney test. P > 0.05; CI 95%.
cVAS, Visual Analog Scale; positive mean change values represent an increase in actual stress (actual pain).
dMDMQ, Multidimensional-Mood-Questionnaire; positive mean change values represent an increase in mood, alertness, and calmness.