Evaluation of the Effects of Some Brazilian Medicinal Plants on the Production of TNF-α and CCL2 by THP-1 Cells
Table 2
Extraction yields and effect of the ethanol extracts from Brazilian plants on TNF-α and CCL2 release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells.
Plant species
Plant part
Extraction yield (%)
Concentration (μg/mL)
TNF-α inhibition (% ± SD, )
CCL2 inhibition (% ± SD, )
Control
LPS (100 ng)
1030.4 ± 2.7a
1193.4 ± 9.1a
DMSO (0.1%)
50.3 ± 1.1a
48.1 ± 1.0a
Dexamethasone (0.1 μM)
90.7 ± 2.2
87.7 ± 0.6
Barbacenia flava
Aerial parts
8.3
62.5
27.5 ± 7.5
−16.3 ± 6.9
125
36.6 ± 0.6
−10.6 ± 12.7
250
45.4 ± 12.9
38.4 ± 8.0
Calophyllum brasiliense
Aerial parts
8.0
62.5
−48.2 ± 8.7
−15.1 ± 5.8
125
−29.0 ± 4.4
−9.6 ± 5.2
250
−93.8 ± 6.4
23.7 ± 3.4
Caryocar brasiliense
Leaves
39.4
62.5
19.4 ± 0.5
−15.5 ± 5.8
125
41.3 ± 0.8
−8.1 ± 5.4
250
61.1 ± 3.9
4.6 ± 4.7
Caryocar brasiliense
Barks
29.0
62.5
17.6 ± 4.2
9.1 ± 9.8
125
43.7 ± 2.0
0.2 ± 4.3
250
62.5 ± 4.3
−2.2 ± 6.4
Casearia sylvestris
Leaves
26.5
62.5
58.0 ± 2.0
12.1 ± 5.6
125
72.7 ± 0.7
92.7 ± 0.9
250
76.6 ± 0.6
95.5 ± 0.1
Chrysophyllum marginatum
Aerial parts
14.7
62.5
49.0 ± 1.4
−19.2 ± 5.1
125
59.5 ± 0.6
−19.3 ± 5.2
250
79.1 ± 0.4
3.8 ± 9.2
Coccoloba cereifera
Aerial parts
11.2
62.5
33.0 ± 3.4
−7.6 ± 2.4
125
49.5 ± 0.8
−8.2 ± 0.4
250
58.1 ± 0.4
−7.1 ± 2.3
Cuphea carthagenensis
Aerial parts
11.1
62.5
25.7 ± 0.6
−43.3 ± 2.4
125
9.8 ± 4.8
−41.2 ± 1.2
250
15.7 ± 3.0
−14.0 ± 6.6
Erythroxylum gonocladum
Leaves
23.6
62.5
20.4 ± 9.8
−3.2 ± 4.4
125
11.0 ± 5.5
−1.8 ± 3.8
250
25.5 ± 16.6
51.2 ± 18.7
Erythroxylum suberosum
Leaves
18.6
62.5
−22.2 ± 1.5
−12.2 ± 0.6
125
−4.2 ± 1.4
−11.9 ± 0.9
250
28.2 ± 7.5
−12.9 ± 1.9
Erythroxylum tortuosum
Leaves
27.2
62.5
−49.3 ± 13.6
−29.5 ± 4.8
125
−42.3 ± 7.2
−25.2 ± 2.9
250
−21.5 ± 3.9
15.0 ± 19.8
Lippia sidoides
Leaves
18.0
62.5
36.2 ± 5.7
30.7 ± 6.5
125
41.6 ± 2.4
77.5 ± 5.4
250
42.1 ± 0.1
96.0 ± 0.1
Paepalanthus bromelioides
Aerial parts
7.7
62.5
1.5 ± 5.7
−58.7 ± 9.5
125
14.5 ± 2.2
−51.2 ± 6.8
250
30.0 ± 2.8
−36.3 ± 7.5
Phoenix roebelenii
Aerial parts
14.7
62.5
28.0 ± 1.1
−2.1 ± 9.8
125
7.0 ± 3.80
−10.3 ± 9.2
250
26.8 ± 6.3
37.5 ± 3.8
Sida carpinifolia
Aerial parts
8.7
62.5
29.2 ± 0.9
−12.1 ± 2.9
125
1.1 ± 3.1
−9.8 ± 2.4
250
69.2 ± 0.6
−8.9 ± 4.6
Sida glaziovii
Aerial parts
10.5
62.5
39.2 ± 1.2
−46.1 ± 1.4
125
39.6 ± 4.2
−44.3 ± 3.1
250
58.0 ± 3.9
−29.1 ± 3.1
Terminalia catappa
Leaves
6.7
62.5
−51.0 ± 9.3
−33.0 ± 7.1
125
−39.3 ± 9.2
−31.0 ± 5.3
250
73.4 ± 0.6
41.6 ± 14.9
Terminalia glabrescens
Leaves
7.5
62.5
48.3 ± 1.8
3.7 ± 1.1
125
52.3 ± 1.8
10.3 ± 2.1
250
59.1 ± 1.6
57.2 ± 2.3
Vellozia piresiana
Leaves
9.8
62.5
15.7 ± 3.3
−8.6 ± 6.2
125
−5.8 ± 5.6
0.9 ± 5.2
250
15.0 ± 1.4
46.2 ± 9.5
aInflammatory mediators production (absolute values in pg/mL). Differences in the release of TNF-α and CCL-2 elicited by the extracts were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons of Newman-Keuls. In each extract, indicates significant inhibition of TNF-α or CCL-2 release in comparison to LPS-stimulated cells (). Dexamethasone (0.1 μM) was employed as positive control.
