Vitis vinifera (Muscat Variety) Seed Ethanolic Extract Preserves Activity Levels of Enzymes and Histology of the Liver in Adult Male Rats with Diabetes

Table 2

Effect of V. vinifera seed ethanolic extract on serum ALT, AST, ALP, ACP, GGT, total protein, total bilirubin, and liver ALT and AST in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Parameters	Normal	Diabetic	Diabetic
			250 mg/kg; V. vinifera	500 mg/kg; V. vinifera	600 μg/kg; glibenclamide
Serum
ALT (U/L)	142.39 ± 6.32	236.18^* ± 15.09	213.76^† ± 9.18	184.13^† ± 11.37	169.37^† ± 9.43
AST (U/L)	103.78 ± 8.64	184.67^* ± 7.15	145.91^† ± 9.49	139.36^† ± 9.62	125.17^† ± 10.23
ALP (U/L)	46.75 ± 3.65	247.25^* ± 8.46	166.92^† ± 5.69	132.54^† ± 3.73	112.73^† ± 4.67
ACP (U/L)	11.54 ± 0.58	21.58^* ± 0.84	18.64^† ± 0.94	14.52^† ± 0.87	12.68^† ± 0.76
GGT (U/L)	10.23 ± 0.72	14.75^* ± 0.14	8.65^† ± 0.76	8.45^† ± 0.89	8.79^† ± 0.02
Total protein (U/L)	8.96 ± 0.75	4.22^* ± 0.86	5.26^† ± 0.34	7.45^† ± 0.86	7.84^† ± 0.73
Total bilirubin (U/L)	0.43 ± 0.05	4.58^* ± 0.05	2.33^† ± 0.06	1.58^† ± 0.04	1.16^† ± 0.05
Liver tissue
ALT; (μ moles of pyruvate; formed/mg protein/h)	0.48 ± 0.08	0.78^* ± 0.12	0.57^† ± 0.13	0.52^† ± 0.11	0.48^† ± 0.09
AST; (μ moles of pyruvate; formed/mg protein/h)	0.37 ± 0.06	0.65^* ± 0.09	0.56^† ± 0.05	0.43^† ± 0.09	0.36^† ± 0.06

Value represents mean ± SD for 6 rats per group.
P < 0.05 as compared to normal, nondiabetic rats group and ^†P < 0.05 as compared to nontreated diabetic rats.