The Roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi Enhanced Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in C2C12 Myotubes via Mitochondrial Regulation

Figure 5

Effect of ARA extract on glucose metabolism in C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were differentiated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum for 5 days and then treated with ARA extract (0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/mL) or metformin (2.5 mM) for 24 h. GLUT-4 levels were assessed by Western blotting (a). Differentiated cells were treated with ARA extract, metformin, or insulin (100 nM) for 24 h and then glucose contents in media were determined using glucose oxidase kits (b). Differentiated cells were treated with ARA extract, metformin, insulin (100 nM), or apigenin (apigenin is known to decrease 2-NBDG uptake) (100 μM) for 4 h. Glucose uptakes were observed by the amount of 2-NBDG taken up by cells in fluorescence microscopy (×100 original magnification) (c). Histogram values are the means ± SEMs of three independent experiments. versus nontreated differentiated cells.

(a)

(b)

(c)