A <i>Lindera obtusiloba</i> Extract Blocks Calcium-/Phosphate-Induced Transdifferentiation and Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Interferes with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 and NF-<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2552099pt" id="M1" height="8.2614pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -8.00619 9.20873 8.2614" width="9.20873pt"><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,0,0)"><path id="g5-232" d="M506 405C506 432 483 454 457 454C408 454 367 413 305 342L196 211L228 373C232 393 235 410 235 418C235 442 225 454 206 454C172 454 102 416 21 346L38 316C67 337 93 353 103 353C106 353 110 342 103 311L31 -2L34 -12C73 -5 114 0 153 3L187 157C193 165 207 183 219 189L267 67C293 2 321 -12 349 -12S434 11 496 100L472 127C444 94 423 81 416 81C407 81 399 92 380 127C362 161 317 265 310 285C335 314 378 363 420 363C433 363 444 361 454 354C461 349 467 349 475 355C489 365 506 385 506 405Z"/></g></svg>B

<div>Effects of LOE on the viability of VSMC. Cell viability of murine (a) and human (b) VSMC was quantified fluorometrically after 24–48 h treatment with different concentrations of LOE by intracellular esterase-mediated conversion of calcein AM and was calculated in relation to vehicle treated cells (100%). Shown are means <svg height="7.35473pt" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z" id="g117-37"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g></svg> SD (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 27.8368 8.55521" width="27.8368pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z" id="g113-111"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="502" vert-adv-y="502"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg>; <svg height="13.7218pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.83391pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.88789 26.6143 13.7218" width="26.6143pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M532 0V30C473 38 467 38 467 107V298C467 395 416 451 336 451C307 451 279 439 251 420C226 404 205 389 185 374V453C142 434 94 422 43 413V386C98 378 104 373 104 309V107C104 41 100 38 31 30V0H251V30C191 35 185 40 185 107V337C216 364 255 389 295 389C360 389 386 347 386 276V110C386 44 380 35 321 30V0H532Z" id="g58-108"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="557" vert-adv-y="557"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.986,-5.741)"><path d="M327 325C324 350 312 408 304 433C283 442 256 451 213 451C120 451 59 391 59 320C59 243 125 210 188 181C237 158 266 136 266 93C266 52 231 24 195 24C134 24 93 81 74 148L42 143C42 106 51 37 59 23C78 8 125 -12 177 -12C257 -12 345 35 345 127C345 198 292 234 216 264C171 283 131 305 131 348C131 387 156 416 195 416C243 416 277 378 297 317L327 325Z" id="g58-113"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="376" vert-adv-y="376"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.938,0)"><path d="M524 0V26C466 32 460 36 460 104V297C460 393 411 449 331 449C302 449 276 437 248 419C223 402 201 387 181 372V451C137 432 90 420 42 411V388C96 378 102 374 102 310V104C102 38 97 33 29 26V0H246V26C187 32 181 36 181 104V339C211 365 250 390 290 390C357 390 381 345 381 276V109C381 40 374 32 315 26V0H524Z" id="g121-108"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="547" vert-adv-y="547"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.997,0)"><path d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 -12C355 -12 473 65 473 226C473 349 381 449 257 449ZM244 416C333 416 380 320 380 204C380 67 329 21 267 21C184 21 130 115 130 241C130 354 184 416 244 416Z" id="g121-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="510" vert-adv-y="510"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.483,0)"><path d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z" id="g121-114"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="305" vert-adv-y="305"></glyph.data></g></svg> significant).</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: A <i>Lindera obtusiloba</i> Extract Blocks Calcium-/Phosphate-Induced Transdifferentiation and Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Interferes with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 and NF-<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2552099pt" id="M1" height="8.2614pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -8.00619 9.20873 8.2614" width="9.20873pt"><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,0,0)"><path id="g5-232" d="M506 405C506 432 483 454 457 454C408 454 367 413 305 342L196 211L228 373C232 393 235 410 235 418C235 442 225 454 206 454C172 454 102 416 21 346L38 316C67 337 93 353 103 353C106 353 110 342 103 311L31 -2L34 -12C73 -5 114 0 153 3L187 157C193 165 207 183 219 189L267 67C293 2 321 -12 349 -12S434 11 496 100L472 127C444 94 423 81 416 81C407 81 399 92 380 127C362 161 317 265 310 285C335 314 378 363 420 363C433 363 444 361 454 354C461 349 467 349 475 355C489 365 506 385 506 405Z"/></g></svg>B 

Figure 3 | A Lindera obtusiloba Extract Blocks Calcium-/Phosphate-Induced Transdifferentiation and Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Interferes with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 and NF-B 