Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Herbs with Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein

Table 2

The modulation of CYP and P-gp by garlic.

Compound type	Species	System	CYP	P-gp	Ref.
Extract	Mouse	In vivo; Protein	CYP1A2 (↑); CYP2E1 (↑)		[30]
Extract	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP2C9^*1 (↓); CYP2C9^*2 (↑); CYP2C19 (↓); CYP2D6 (↔); CYP3A4 (↓); CYP3A5 (↓); CYP3A7 (↓)		[31]
Extract	Human	In vitro; Activity		P-gp (↓)	[31]
Extract	Human	In vivo; Activity		P-gp (↑)	[32, 33]
Extract w/o allicin	Human	In vitro; Activity		P-gp (↔)	[34]
Diallyl disulfide	Rat	In vitro/in vivo; Activity	CYP2B1/2 (↑); CYP2E1 (↓)		[35]
Diallyl disulfide	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP2E1 (↓)		[36]
Allicin	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP1A2 (↓)		[36]