Chinese Herbal Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms

Table 7

Anti-inflammatory Chinese herbal compounds.

Compound	Herb	Target or indicator	Type of study	Reference
Plectranthus zeylanicus extracts	Plectranthus zeylanicus Benth	5-LO	In vitro	[101]
Arisaema tortuosum tuber extract	Arisaema tortuosum Schott	-Glucuronidase; FRAP	In vitro	[61]
Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract	Prunella vulgaris	VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, ROS; p38 MAPK, ERK	In vitro	[91]
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.	Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.	TC, non-HDL, TG, apoB100, apoE, HDL; LDL receptor, SR-B1, CYP7A1, HMGCR, CRP, MDA	In vivo	[54]
2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG)	Polygonum multiflorum	HSP 70, lipocortin 1, Apo A-I; calreticulin, vimentin;	In vivo	[102]
Salvianolic acid B	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	JAK2 (Tyr 1007/1008), STAT1 (Tyr701 and Ser727); CXC chemokines' IP-10, Mig, I-TAC; monocyte adhesion; PIAS1, SOCS1	In vitro	[103]
Cynanchum wilfordii	Cynanchum wilfordii	LDL, HDL, NO, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ET-1	In vivo	[40]
Panax notoginseng extract	Panax notoginseng	TNF-, IL-6, TGF-, IL-1	In vivo	[104]
Cryptotanshinone	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	oxLDL, NO, ICAM-1, VCAM-1; monocyte adhesion	In vitro	[42]
Salvianolic acid B	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	CD40, CD86, CD1a, HLA-DR; IL-12, IL-10, TNF-; TLR4; PPAR; p38-MAPK, PAI-1, JNK, NF-B, COX, ERK1/2, prostaglandin E2, NADPH oxidase, MMP-2, MMP-9, oxLDL, ICAM-1, E-selectin	Both	[53, 71, 72, 105, 106]
Tanshinone IIA	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	oxLDL, monocyte adhesion, VSMC migration and proliferation, macrophage cholesterol accumulation, TNF-, TGF-1, platelet aggregation, GPx	Both	[66, 67]
Aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis	Buddleja officinalis	VCAM-1, ICAM-1; ROS; NF-B	In vitro	[43]
Artemisinin	Artemisia annua	TNF-, IL-1ß, IL-6; NF-B, IKK/ß, IB	In vitro	[107]
Evodiamine	Evodia rutaecarpa	COX-2, iNOS, prostaglandin E2; HIF-1a; Akt, p70S6K, 4E-BP	In vitro	[108]
Panax notoginseng	Panax notoginseng saponins	ICAM-1, VCAM-1	In vivo	[45]
Goji	Lycium barbarum  and L. chinense	SOD, MDA; JNK	Both	[76]
Ginkgo biloba extract	Ginkgo biloba	VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin; ROS, RSTF	Both	[46]
Scutellaria baicalensis	Scutellaria baicalensis	SOD	Both	[77]
Georgi flavonoids	Georgi
Emodin	Rheum rhabarbarum	ApoE, PPAR-, GM-CSF, MMP-9	In vivo	[78]
Bisacurone	Curcuma longa Linne (Zingiberaceae)	VCAM-1, NF-B p65, Akt, PKC	In vitro	[49]
Feverfew extract	Tanacetum parthenium	TNF-, CCL2	In vitro	[109]
Magnolol	Magnolia officinalis	IL-6, STAT3, Tyr705 and Ser727, ICAM-1, IREs, monocyte adhesion, cyclin D1, MCP-1	In vitro	[50]
Paeonol	Paeonia lactiflora Pallas	ICAM-1, NF-kB p65 translocation, ERK, p38	In vitro	[81]
Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	ICAM-1, VCAM-1, GSH, NF-kB	In vitro	[52]
Magnolol	Magnolia officinalis	MCP-1, NF-B, VCAM-1	In vivo	[51]
Ginkgo biloba extract	Ginkgo biloba	VCAM-1, ICAM-1	In vitro	[47]
Scoparone	Artemisia scoparia	monocyte adhesion, lipid laden foam cells	In vivo	[87]
Celastrol	Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.	oxLDL, LOX-1, ROS, iNOS, NO, TNF-, IL-6	In vivo	[89]