Progressive Muscle Relaxation Improves Anxiety and Depression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients
Table 1
Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of patients.
Control ()
PMR ()
Age (years)
53.6 ± 12.2
54.5 ± 13.0
0.79
Age group (years) (%)
<40
7 (11.9)
5 (9.1)
0.98
40–49
12 (20.3)
12 (21.8)
50–59
15 (25.4)
13 (23.6)
60–69
14 (23.7)
15 (27.3)
70
11 (18.7)
10 (18.2)
Gender (%)
Female
40 (67.8)
41 (74.5)
0.54
BMI
29.4 ± 5.7
30.1 ± 6.3
0.54
Religious (%)
Yes
17 (28.8)
14 (25.5)
0.83
No
42 (71.2)
41 (74.5)
Living alone (%)
Yes
21 (35.6)
22 (40.0)
0.70
No
38 (64.4)
33 (60.0)
Education level (%)
middle school
12 (20.3)
10 (18.2)
0.94
High school
27 (45.8)
25 (45.5)
college
20 (33.9)
20 (36.3)
Economic status (%)
Poor
9 (15.3)
8 (14.5)
0.95
Fair
24 (40.7)
24 (43.6)
Good
26 (44.0)
23 (41.9)
Smoking status (%)
Current
3 (5.1)
4 (7.2)
0.79
Former
50 (84.7)
44 (80.0)
Never
6 (10.2)
7 (12.8)
Note: for continuous variables, all values were expressed as mean SD and Student’s -tests were performed to compare means between the groups. For categorical variables, all values were expressed as (%) and comparisons were performed with Chi-square tests. BMI: body mass index.
