Fallopia japonica, a Natural Modulator, Can Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells

Table 2

Effect of TCM drugs (100 g/mL) on activities of ABC transporters, GST, and CYP3A4.

Plant (family)	Metabolic activity
	MDR; inhibition %	GST; activity (mol/min/mL)	CYP3A4; inhibition %
Areca catechu (Arecaceae)	1.27 ± 0.13	23.46 ± 3.34	56.94 ± 4.35
Cassia tora (Fabaceae)	8.84 ± 0.97	31.81 ± 3.54	16.38 ± 3.08
Chrysanthemum indicum (Asteraceae)	9.83 ± 0.89	22.86 ± 1.54	46.18 ± 4.99
Cymbopogon distans (Poaceae)	0.28 ± 0.03	9.54 ± 1.02	2.71 ± 1.53
Cynanchum paniculatum (Apocynaceae)	19.29 ± 4.32	15.70 ± 1.72	22.62 ± 3.62
Desmodium styracifolium (Fabaceae)	171.24 ± 18.54	10.93 ± 1.32	10.22 ± 3.12
Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae)	2.99 ± 0.35	10.14 ± 1.39	48.30 ± 4.70
Mentha haplocalyx (Lamiaceae)	8.96 ± 1.00	12.92 ± 1.81	1.19 ± 0.37
Ophioglossum vulgatum (Ophioglossaceae)	1.21 ± 0.15	13.91 ± 1.96	24.91 ± 0.54
Paris polyphylla (Melanthiaceae)	15.41 ± 2.01	18.88 ± 2.11	2.92 ± 1.18
Patrinia scabiosaefolia (Valerianaceae)	6.32 ± 0.82	27.43 ± 1.32	0.61 ± 0.04
Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae)	179.94 ± 18.34	14.11 ± 1.23	39.81 ± 4.68
Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae)	35.82 ± 4.65	19.88 ± 3.43	59.96 ± 3.52
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Apiaceae)	134.38 ± 15.9	7.35 ± 0.67	8.21 ± 3.14
Taxillus chinensis (Loranthaceae)	43.60 ± 5.76	9.94 ± 1.9	47.41 ± 1.07
Viola yezoensis (Violaceae)	65.77 ± 6.89	15.31 ± 2.85	24.97 ± 2.75

MDR inhibition calculated as % compared to verapamil as positive control (100%).
Data are means ± S.D. from three independent experiments.