Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Suan Zao Ren Tang in Combination with Zhi Zi Chi Tang as a Treatment Protocol for Insomniacs with Anxiety: A Randomized Parallel-Controlled Trial

Table 2

Treatment effects of SZR-ZZC versus lorazepam on the study variables⁽¹⁾.


Variables	SZR-ZZC ()		Paired -test⁽²⁾ mean difference (95% CI)	Lorazepam tablets ()		Two sample -test⁽³⁾ mean difference (95% CI)
Variables	Baseline mean (SD)	Week 4 mean (SD)	Paired -test⁽²⁾ mean difference (95% CI)	Baseline mean (SD)	Week 4 mean (SD)	Two sample -test⁽³⁾ mean difference (95% CI)

PSG (min)
TST	362.6 (37.1)	450.7 (25.7)	(−103.33, −72.81)	352.6 (35.2)	456.4 (37.8)	(−22.53, 11.10)
LPS	48.7 (24.31)	24.5 (14.29)	(15.17, 33.22)	45.2 (26.07)	19.2 (16.42)	(−2.72, 13.31)
WASO	92.1 (23.02)	17.9 (14.58)	(63.12, 85.42)	95.9 (20.59)	31.9 (23.98)	(−24.37, 13.76)
SWS	30.6 (13.66)	75.0 (12.36)	(−51.55, −37.25)	26.1 (12.53)	62.3 (10.82)	(6.62, 18.75)
REM	36.7 (14.92)	84.7 (15.73)	(−55.97, 40.03)	34.4 (14.75)	71.8 (16.64)	(4.50, 21.38)
ISI (scores)	20.6 (4.10)	7.2 (3.60)	(10.62, 15.38)	19.6 (4.15)	9.4 (4.11)	(−4.26, −0.23)
SAS (scores)	57.5 (6.38)	35.3 (12.90)	(16.27, 28.13)	56.1 (4.93)	40.3 (10.48)	(−12.67, 2.63)
PSQI (scores)	14.2 (1.93)	7.6 (3.84)	(4.33, 8.87)	13.9 (2.42)	12.0 (3.35)	(−7.91, −0.89)
Subjective sleep quality	2.5 (0.53)	1.3 (0.67)	(0.64, 1.76)	2.6 (0.53)	1.4 (1.13)	(−1.03, 0.75)
Sleep latency	2.7 (0.48)	1.8 (0.79)	(0.37, 1.43)	2.7 (0.50)	1.7 (0.71)	(−0.60, 0.86)
Sleep duration	2.7 (0.48)	1.4 (1.17)	(0.62, 1.98)	2.4 (0.53)	1.3 (0.87)	(−0.94, 1.08)
Habitual sleep efficiency	2.9 (0.32)	1.5 (0.85)	(0.90, 1.90)	2.9 (0.33)	2.3 (0.87)	(−1.67, −0.01)
Sleep disturbances	2.4 (0.70)	1.2 (0.92)	(0.75, 1.65)	2.3 (0.71)	1.6 (0.89)	(−1.23, 0.52)
Daytime dysfunction	1.1 (0.88)	0.5 (0.71)	(−0.01, 1.20)	1.1 (1.05)	0.9 (0.78)	(−1.11, 0.33)

Statistical analysis was performed using intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis with SPSS. ⁽²⁾A paired -test was used to compare differences in the variables between baseline and week 4 in the SZR-ZZC group. ⁽³⁾A two-sample -test was used to compare differences in the variables between the two groups at week 4; indicating ; indicating ; indicating . SZR-ZZC: Suan Zao Ren Tang + Zhi Zi Chi Tang; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; PSG: polysomnography; TST: total sleep time; LPS: latency to onset of persistent sleep; WASO: wake after sleep onset; SWS: slow wave sleep (stage 3 + stage 4); REM: rapid eye movement sleep; ISI: Severity Index; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.