Yang Deficiency Body Constitution Acts as a Predictor of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Taichung Diabetic Body Constitution Study

Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI for diabetic retinopathy according to constitution.

	Diabetic retinopathy, OR (95% CI)
	Yang deficiency		Ying deficiency		Phlegm stasis
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Model 1	0.531 (0.312–0.903)		0.948 (0.662–1.358)	0.770	0.637 (0.386–1.049)	0.075
Model 2	0.536 (0.289–0.995)		1.263 (0.832–1.917)	0.273	0.735 (0.409–1.323)	0.305
Model 3	0.529 (0.282–0.995)		1.164 (0.761–1.780)	0.485	0.779 (0.427–1.422)	0.416
Model 4	0.531 (0.282–0.999)		1.154 (0.754–1.768)	0.510	0.746 (0.407–1.366)	0.342
Model 5	0.498 (0.262–0.947)		1.099 (0.712–1.697)	0.670	0.768 (0.415–1.421)	0.401
Model 6	0.472 (0.247–0.902)		1.108 (0.715–1.717)	0.645	0.812 (0.436–1.512)	0.511
Model 7	0.453 (0.234–0.875)		1.057 (0.677–1.648)	0.810	0.824 (0.438–1.550)	0.548

Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for BC. Model 3 is additionally adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Model 4 is additionally adjusted for lifestyle. Model 5 is additionally adjusted for diabetic factors. Model 6 is additionally adjusted for blood pressure and lipid profile. Model 7 is additionally adjusted for renal parameters and diabetic neuropathy.
Analysis by logistic regression. .
BC: body constitution, including Yang deficiency, Ying deficiency, and Phlegm stasis. Sociodemographic factors: gender, age, BMI, and waist. Lifestyle: smoke and alcohol drinking history and exercise. Diabetic factors: FBS, HbA1c, DM duration, oral hypoglycemia agent, and insulin use. Blood pressure: SBP and DBP. Lipid profile: TG, HDL, and LDL. Renal parameters: GFR and microalbumin to creatinine ratio.