GABA-A Receptor Modulation and Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant Activities of Constituents from Artemisia indica Linn

Table 4

Effect of carnosol, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid on PTZ-induced seizure.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Onset of clonic-tonic convulsions (sec)	Duration of clonic-tonic convulsions (sec)	% mortality	% protection against mortality
Control	—	72.5 ± 8.5	39 ± 4.5	100%	0
Diazepam	1	197 ± 10.6	15.8 ± 2.6	0.00	100
Carnosol	1	77.1 ± 12.9	35 ± 3.5	66.6	33.34
Carnosol	10	117.3 ± 6.8	26 ± 2.6	33.3	66.67
Carnosol	30	158.3 ± 11.6	17.6 ± 1.8	16.3	83.33
Carnosol	100	185.8 ± 8.8	7.5 ± 1.1	0.00	100
Ursolic acid	1	75.1 ± 13.5	33 ± 3.5	66.6	33.34
Ursolic acid	10	120.3 ± 7.5	25 ± 3.6	33.3	66.67
Ursolic acid	30	148.5 ± 11.5	19.6 ± 2.8	16.3	83.33
Ursolic acid	100	195.8 ± 8.8	15.5 ± 2.5	0.00	100
Oleanolic acid	1	78.1 ± 14.5	34 ± 3.5	66.6	33.34
Oleanolic acid	10	130.3 ± 9.5	23 ± 2.6	33.3	66.67
Oleanolic acid	30	150.8 ± 13.5	18.5 ± 2.8	16.3	83.33
Oleanolic acid	100	190.8 ± 8.8	14.5 ± 2.5	0.00	100

The data represent the mean ± SEM (). , , and represent significant difference compared to PTZ-induced seizure control.
n.s.: not significant.