Sequential Treatments with Tongsai and Bufei Yishen Granules Reduce Inflammation and Improve Pulmonary Function in Acute Exacerbation-Risk Window of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rats

Figure 1

Experimental flow and key time points for the administrations. Week 1 through week 8: COPD model preparation period. Day 1: the rats were challenged with Klebsiella pneumonia solution (6 × 10¹⁴ CFU/mL) after a 5-day thermal treatment. Tongsai Granule (TSG) or/and moxifloxacin (MXF) were administered to the AECOPD rats 2 days before and 4 days after challenge. Bufei Yishen Granule (BYG) and/or salbutamol (SLT) were administered over the next 10 days. The rats were sacrificed at the end of week 12 (Day 22). BYG: Bufei Yishen Granule; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MXF: moxifloxacin; RW: risk window; TSG: Tongsai Granule; STL: salbutamol.