The Effects of Chunghyul-Dan (A Korean Medicine Herbal Complex) on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review

Table 2

The efficacy of Chunghyul-dan in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical studies [23–25, 32, 44, 56–58].

Disease	Author; (year)	Subjects and design	Intervention	Results
Dyslipidemia	Chung et al. [23]	34 hyperlipidemia patients; Before and after study	1800 mg/day CHD for 8 weeks	After 4 weeks, total cholesterol: −8.3% (), LDL cholesterol: −7.4% (); After 8 weeks, total cholesterol: −7.7% (), triglyceride: −21.1% ()
	Kim et al.; [24]	62 hyperlipidemia patients; Case-control, open-label study	CHD 1: 600 mg/day; CHD 2: 1200 mg/day; Atorvastatin: 10 mg/day; for 8 weeks	After 8 weeks, in CHD 1 and CHD 2, total cholesterol: 268.1 ± 30.2 mg/dL 248.6 ± 29.2 mg/dL (); There was no significant difference between CHD 1 and CHD 2 groups; Atorvastatin was superior to 600 mg or 1200 mg CHD
	Cho et al.; [56]	33 hyperlipidemia patients; Case-control, open-label study	CHD: 600 mg/day; Atorvastatin: 10 mg/day for 8 weeks	After 8 weeks, in CHD group, total cholesterol: 269.5 ± 21.3 mg/dL 246.9 ± 23.7 mg/dL (), LDL cholesterol: 171.2 ± 29.8 mg/dL 155.4 ± 26.5 mg/dL (); CHD was superior to historical controls using diet therapy or placebo; Atorvastatin was superior to 600 mg CHD
Hypertension	Yun et al.; [32]	28 stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension; Randomized controlled, open-label study	CHD: 1200 mg/day; Control: no treatment; for 2 weeks	After 2 weeks, in CHD group, SBP: 141.37 ± 8.96 mmHg 132.28 ± 9.46 mmHg (, versus control, ); In control group, SBP: 138.71 ± 11.36 mmHg 132.27 ± 8.93 mmHg ()
Atherosclerosis (arterial stiffness)	Park et al.; [44]	35 subjects with increased baPWV (>1400 cm/sec); Randomized controlled, open-label study	CHD: 1800 mg/day; Control: no treatment; for 8 weeks	After 8 weeks, in CHD group, baPWV: 1736.0 ± 271.1 cm/sec 1599.0 ± 301.9 cm/sec (); In control group, baPWV: 1668.3 ± 116.2 cm/sec 1653.3 ± 184.1 cm/sec ()
Stroke prevention (SVO type)	Cho et al.; [25]	31 asymptomatic ischemic stroke patients; Observational study	600 mg/day CHD for 1 year	Complete follow-up patients (): no stroke recurrence; Lost to follow-up/dropped-out patients (): 2 patients suffered recurrence
	Cho et al.; [57]	158 ischemic stroke patients; Observational study	600 mg/day CHD for 1 year	Complete follow-up patients (): 3 patients (4.1%) experienced stroke recurrence; Lost to follow-up/dropped-out patients (): among 85, 54 patients were included in the final analysis 8 patients (9.4%) had stroke recurrence; OR of CHD for stroke recurrence (versus lost to follow-up): 0.12 times
	Cho et al.; [58]	356 ischemic stroke patients; Case-control, open-label study	CHD: 600 mg/day; Antiplatelet: antiplatelet agent therapy for 2 years	In CHD group, recurrence occurred in 3 subjects (2.0%); In antiplatelet group, recurrence occurred in 17 subjects (8.2%); OR of CHD for stroke recurrence (versus antiplatelet group): 0.208 times

CHD: Chunghyul-dan; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; SVO: small vessel occlusion.