The Effects of Four-Week Multivitamin Supplementation on Mood in Healthy Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Means and standard deviations for the mood assessments at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.

Measure	Group		⁢Baseline		⁢Midpoint		⁢Posttreatment
			M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
General Health Questionnaire
Total	Multivitamin	35	15.06	6.65	14.31	5.86	14.47	5.48
	Placebo	33	15.24	6.74	13.00	6.01	12.79	5.84
Somatic	Multivitamin	35	3.60	2.76	4.03	3.22	4.29	3.04
	Placebo	33	4.33	3.01	3.64	3.20	3.21	2.38
Anxiety	Multivitamin	35	3.57	2.76	3.42	2.52	3.20	2.58
	Placebo	33	3.48	2.58	2.97	2.56	3.00	2.52
Social dysfunction	Multivitamin	35	6.83	1.67	6.23	1.68	6.51	1.40
	Placebo	33	6.82	1.89	5.89	1.58	6.12	1.52
Depression	Multivitamin	35	1.06	2.09	0.63	1.33	0.46	1.12
	Placebo	33	0.61	1.52	0.52	1.56	0.45	1.50
Chalder Fatigue Scale
Total	Multivitamin	37	16.00	4.33			13.35	3.22
	Placebo	36	14.47	3.75			13.03	3.20
Physical	Multivitamin	37	8.83	2.63			7.47	1.66
	Placebo	36	8.11	2.61			7.31	2.19
Mental	Multivitamin	37	7.05	2.17			5.62	1.40
	Placebo	36	6.36	1.53			5.72	1.39
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Anxiety	Multivitamin	37	4.46	2.30			3.81	2.08
	Placebo	36	4.33	2.69			4.03	3.15
Depression	Multivitamin	37	2.16	2.10			1.35	1.57
	Placebo	36	2.23	1.75			1.42	2.00
Perceived Stress Scale
	Multivitamin	37	19.05	3.21			18.70	1.90
	Placebo	35	18.40	2.08			17.74	2.00
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
State version	Multivitamin	37	32.81	10.27			28.32	6.85
	Placebo	35	30.54	9.09			27.06	9.05
Visual Analogue Scales
Alertness	Multivitamin	37	68.52	17.51			72.89	16.52
	Placebo	35	70.83	16.19			75.62	17.96
Contentedness	Multivitamin	37	77.57	16.88			81.55	13.89
	Placebo	35	81.47	16.32			83.45	16.58
Calmness	Multivitamin	37	66.43	21.74			74.09	16.66
	Placebo	35	74.26	18.92			77.20	19.52
Stress	Multivitamin	37	21.76	21.61			12.38	13.63
	Placebo	35	14.77	17.81			14.09	17.15
Concentration	Multivitamin	37	65.95	28.81			72.62	20.40
	Placebo	35	61.83	26.65			66.89	29.76
Anxiety	Multivitamin	37	16.24	19.15			12.97	15.86
	Placebo	35	14.60	19.24			10.69	14.27
Mental fatigue	Multivitamin	37	23.24	24.14			18.22	20.91
	Placebo	35	23.77	21.98			19.17	19.24
Physical fatigue	Multivitamin	37	21.19	23.19			20.05	23.03
	Placebo	35	17.74	18.89			19.09	20.74

= represents participants included in the pretreatment to posttreatment analysis.