Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Learning and Memory and Improves Synaptic Plasticity via Activation of the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Figure 2

EA prevented spatial learning and memory deficits induced by 2VO, and the effect was partially inhibited by H89. (a) Timeline of the experiments to show the EA therapy and detection. (b and c) Escape latency to find the hidden platform from the 1st to the 5th time. Rats in the model group had longer escape latencies than the control group (b). EA could reverse the spatial learning impairment induced by 2VO. Rats in the EA+H89 group had longer escape latency than the EA+NS group rats (c). H89 could partly reverse the beneficial effect of EA. (d) The typical swimming paths of each group in the spatial probe trial. (e and f) Time spent in the target quadrant in the probe test. The amount of time expended in the target quadrant was significantly shorter in the model group rats than in the control group rats, and rats treated with EA exhibited significantly more time in the target quadrant (e). Rats in the EA+H89 group spent a shorter time in the target quadrant compared to EA+NS group rats (f). Each value represents mean ± SEM, for each group. , compared with the control group; , compared with the control group; , compared with the model group; , compared with the model group; , compared with the EA+NS group; and , compared with the EA+NS group.

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