Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Table 2

Comparison of demographic health indicators.

Demographic and health indicators; (%)	Placebo ()	Probiotic ()	value
Age mean (SD)	47.5 (12.87)	47.1 (16.06)	0.924
Gender: males	4 (18)	3 (14)	0.946
Gender: females	17 (77)	18 (85)	0.946
Proton pump inhibitor use	4 (18)	4 (19)	0.271
Antidepressant use	4 (18)	3 (14)	0.644
Anti-inflammatory use	2 (9)	2 (9)	0.964
No family history of CD	13 (59)	16 (76)	0.474
Family history of CD	9 (40)	7 (33)	0.474
No improvement of villous architecture >12 months of GFD	1 (4)	1 (4)	0.975
Partial improvement of villous architecture after >12 months of GFD	8 (36)	12 (57)	0.975
Full villous architecture restoration after >12 months of GFD	5 (22)	5 (23)	0.975
No follow-up biopsy conducted	5 (22)	5 (23)	0.975
Having a tonsillectomy	11 (50)	12 (57)	0.843
Breast-feeding for 6–12 months	8 (36)	8 (38)	0.887
>3 course of antibiotics in first 12 months of life	13 (59)	13 (61)	0.975
>3 respiratory infections in first 12 months of life	13 (59)	15 (71)	0.975
Known food intolerance other than gluten	11 (50)	12 (57)	0.843
No known food intolerance other than gluten	11 (50)	11 (52)	0.887